Editing Pantothenic acid (section)

==History==
{{Further|Vitamin#History}}
The term ''vitamin'' is derived from the word ''vitamine'', which was coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist [[Casimir Funk]], who isolated a complex of water-soluble micronutrients essential to life, all of which he presumed to be [[amine]]s.<ref name = "Funk">{{cite journal |last1=Funk |first1=C |title=The etiology of the deficiency diseases. Beri-beri, polyneuritis in birds, epidemic dropsy, scurvy, experimental scurvy in animals, infantile scurvy, ship beri-beri, pellagra |journal=Journal of State Medicine |date=1912 |volume=20 |pages=341–68 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069802166&view=1up&seq=351}}</ref> When this presumption was later determined not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name, hence "vitamin".<ref name=Combs2007>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1CMHiWum0Y4C&pg=PA16|title=The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health (3rd ed.). | first=Gerald F. | last = Combs |date=2007|pages=7–33|publisher=Elsevier, Boston, MA|isbn=978-0-080-56130-1}}</ref> Vitamin nomenclature was alphabetical, with [[Elmer McCollum]] calling these fat-soluble A and water-soluble B.<ref name=Combs2007 /> Over time, eight chemically distinct, water-soluble B vitamins were isolated and numbered, with pantothenic acid as vitamin B<sub>5</sub>.<ref name=Combs2007 />

The essential nature of pantothenic acid was discovered by [[Roger J. Williams]] in 1933 by showing it was required for the growth of yeast.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Richards |first=OW |year=1936 |title=The Stimulation of Yeast Proliferation By Pantothenic Acid |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=113 |issue=2 |pages=531–36 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)74874-6 |url=http://www.jbc.org/content/113/2/531.full.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref> Three years later Elvehjem and Jukes demonstrated that it was a growth and anti-dermatitis factor in chickens.<ref name=PKIN2012Panto>{{cite book |last1=Miller|first1= JW| last2=Rucker|first2=RB |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Pantothenic Acid |editor=BP Marriott |editor2=DF Birt |editor3=VA Stallings|editor4=AA Yates |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 273–88 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref> Williams dubbed the compound "pantothenic acid", deriving the name from the Greek word ''pantothen'', which translates as "from everywhere". His reason was that he found it to be present in almost every food he tested.<ref name=PKIN2012Panto /> Williams went on to determine the chemical structure in 1940.<ref name=PKIN2012Panto /> In 1953, [[Fritz Lipmann]] shared the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism", work he had published in 1946.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kresge|first1=N|last2=Simoni|first2=RD|last3=Hill|first3=RL|date=May 2005|title=Fritz Lipmann and the Discovery of Coenzyme A|url=http://www.jbc.org/content/280/21/e18|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|volume=280|issue=21|pages=e18|issn=0021-9258|access-date=28 June 2020|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412153806/http://www.jbc.org/content/280/21/e18|url-status=dead}}</ref>