Editing Palace (section)

==Asia==


===Afghanistan===
[[File:Queens Palace, Kabul.jpg|thumb|The ruined [[Tajbeg Palace]] in Kabul, restored in 2021]]
[[Afghanistan]]'s capital [[Kabul]] is well known for its sheer number of palaces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afghanistantimes.af/kabul-city-isnt-just-capital-of-afghanistan-but-of-palaces-as-well/|title=Kabul City: Isn't just capital of Afghanistan but of palaces as well – Afghanistan Times|date=15 April 2015|website=afghanistantimes.af|access-date=15 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122073115/http://afghanistantimes.af/kabul-city-isnt-just-capital-of-afghanistan-but-of-palaces-as-well/|archive-date=22 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Many had been built in the 19th century but perhaps the most famous is the [[Darul Aman Palace]]. Many palaces were damaged by the civil war, including Darul Aman, but others have survived or have been rebuilt.

===Armenia===
{{multiple image
| footer            = Examples of Armenian palaces
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| image3            = Togh's Melikian Palace, 20 Oct 2018 - 26.jpg|thumb
| alt3              = 
| caption3          = [[Tuğ|Palace]] of [[Dizak]] Meliks
| image2            = Meliqashen, Haykaz Meliq's House - panoramio.jpg|thumb
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = The [[Melik Haykaz Palace|Palace]] of Armenian Melik Haykazyan
| image1            = Dashtadem fortress 3.jpg|thumb
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = [[Dashtadem Fortress|Dashtadem Palace]]
}}
[[File:20110419 Palace Ani Turkey 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Tigran Honents Palace in [[Ani]]]]

[[Armenia]] has many palaces from its various historical periods. The [[Erebuni fortress]] in [[Yerevan]] has a grand royal palace constructed in 782 B.C. by [[Argishti I of Urartu|King Argisthi]]. The palace at Erebuni is one of the earliest examples of an [[Urartu|Urartian]] palace.<ref>{{cite book| last = Chahin| first = Mack| title = The Kingdom of Armenia| publisher =RoutledgeCurzon| location= Richmond| year = 2001| page=79| isbn =0-7007-1452-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Erebuni|title=Erebuni &#124; ancient palace-fortress, Armenia|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>

During the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)]], many palaces were constructed for the successive kings. Ruins of a royal palace can be found in the early Armenian capital of [[Yervandashat (ancient city)|Yervandashat]],<ref>{{cite web|title= 29.09.2015-Society-THE BEST GIFT FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGIST IS THE PUBLICATION OF HIS COMPILATION OF ARTICLES|url= http://eph.am/news/en/In-memory-of-Felix-Ter-Martirosyan|publisher= Yerevan State University|quote= The last monument, which he excavated, was the palace complex of Yervandashat|access-date= 21 January 2021|archive-date= 15 January 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230115135013/http://eph.am/news/en/In-memory-of-Felix-Ter-Martirosyan|url-status= dead}}</ref> which was built to serve as the seat of [[Orontid]] Armenian Kings by [[Orontes IV]]. During the period of the [[Artaxiad dynasty]] of Armenia, emperor king [[Tigranes the great]] constructed a grand [[persianate]] palace in the newly built city of [[Tigranocerta]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Tigranocerta |url= https://www.worldhistory.org/Tigranocerta/|website=[[World History Encyclopedia]]|quote= There were also many amenities including a Greek theatre, a palace built in the Persian style outside the city walls}}</ref> The purpose of the Armenian [[Temple of Garni]] is still up for debate, however, certain scholars attest that following the Christianization of Armenia in the 4th century BC, the temple was converted into a summer palace for [[Khosrovidukht (sister of Tiridates III of Armenia)]] by the [[Arsacid dynasty of Armenia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Temple of Garni |url= https://www.worldhistory.org/Temple_of_Garni/|website=[[World History Encyclopedia]]|author= James Blake Wiener|quote= There remains considerable academic debate as to whether Garni functioned as a summer palace as well in Late Antiquity.}}</ref>


After the fall of the Arsacids, Armenia was ruled by a succession of aristocratic families who held the title ''[[Nakharar]]''. One of these Nakharar princes, [[Grigor Mamikonian]], built a palace in the citadel of [[Aruch]] near the [[Aruchavank]] cathedral; some walls of this palace and a unique Armenian throne made of [[tufa]] still survive today.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aruch 3: Palace-Mamikonian Palace|url= http://www.armenianheritage.org/en/monument/Aruch/247|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170508083851/http://www.armenianheritage.org/en/monument/Aruch/247|url-status= usurped|archive-date= 8 May 2017|publisher= Ministry of Culture of Armenia}}</ref>

The medieval capital of the [[Bagratid Armenia|Bagratid kingdom of Armenia]], [[Ani]], also hosted many palaces. The first palace of Ani, constructed by the princely Armenian [[Kamsarakan]] dynasty in the seventh century, served as the most important structure of the city. Located in the main citadel, the Kamsarakan palace was used by the successive [[Bagratuni dynasty|Bagratid]] kingdom as their headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE PALACE OF THE CITADEL|url= http://virtualani.org/citadel/palace.htm |website=virtualani.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Archaeological Site of Ani-UNESCO|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1518/|website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> In addition, Ani hosted several other palaces such as the Merchant's(Tigran Honents) Palace, one of the best surviving examples of secular [[Armenian architecture]] of that time,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Merchant's Palace|url= http://virtualani.org/palace/index.htm |website=virtualani.org}}</ref> the Seljuk palace, and the [[Menüçehr Mosque|Manuchir Mosque]], which is said by some historians to have been a residence of Bagratid kings before being converted to a mosque.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Empire the World Forgot|url= http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20160309-the-empire-the-world-forgot |website=bbc.com|date= 25 February 2022 |quote= The original purpose of the mosque of Manuchihr is debated on both the Turkish and Armenian sides. Some contend that the building once served as a palace for the Armenian Bagratid dynasty and was only later converted into a mosque.}}</ref>

After the Bagratid state was conquered by the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] and then the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuks]], Armenia was once again liberated by the royal [[Zakarids–Mkhargrdzeli|Zakarian family]] under [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgian]] [[Queen Tamar]]. This period of [[Zakarid Armenia]] brought forth many palaces as well,<ref>{{cite web|title= Armenian Architecture|url= https://users.dcc.uchile.cl/~nbaloian/armenia/Architecture.html |publisher= University of Chile|quote= Towards the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century, two Armenian generals, Zakare and Ivan Zakarian, led Armenian and Georgian troops in liberating Northern Armenia including Shirak and Airarat. Under the new conditions, the economy prospered, and business activities, both domestic and foreign, stimulated the construction of roads, bridges, caravansaries, hostelries, palaces and various other religious and secular buildings.}}</ref> the most notable of which being [[Amberd Fortress]] and the 12th-century palace in [[Dashtadem Fortress]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= U.S.-Funded Dashtadem Cultural Preservation Project Complete|url= https://am.usembassy.gov/dashtadem-fortress/|website=am.usembassy.gov|date= 30 April 2019}}</ref> The Zakarids became vassals of the [[Mongols]], however, following their collapse, a succession of nomadic [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] empires came to rule the region.

During the various periods of [[Ottoman Armenia|Ottoman]] and [[Iranian Armenia (1502–1828)|Iranian]] occupation following the [[Timurid Empire]], Armenia was governed by several local principalities known as [[Melik]]doms. Each Melik had their own princely palace. The most notable of which is the Palace of the [[Dizak|Dizak Melikdom]] constructed by Melik Yeganyan in [[Tuğ|Togh]] (1737). Other notable melik palaces are the Melik Ahnazar palace in [[Khnatsakh]] (16th century), the [[Melik Haykaz Palace]] in [[Hüsülü, Lachin|Melikashen]] (15th century), the Melik Kasu palace, the palace of the Melik-Barkhudaryans in [[Tegh]] (1783) and [[Halidzor Fortress]] (17th century), which served as a palace for the Melik Parsadanian family.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.raa-am.com/BOOK_4/ENGL/4_main_4_e.htm|title= Castles (Palaces) Of Meliks Of Artsakh And Siunik|author= Artak Ghulyan|date= |publisher= |access-date= |quote= The melikal palaces have mainly been the defence point, the special citadel of the residence-center, and they have also been called fortresses for this reason (Kashatagh, Kaghakategh, Mokhratagh, Horekavan, Gulatagh, Shushi).|archive-date= 13 April 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210413122746/http://www.raa-am.com/BOOK_4/ENGL/4_main_4_e.htm|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bvahan.com/armenianway/aw/Eng/provinces/kashatagh/kash.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110913091437/http://www.bvahan.com/ArmenianWay/AW/Eng/provinces/kashatagh/kash.html|url-status= usurped|archive-date= 13 September 2011|author=|date= 2001 |publisher= ArCgroup |title= Kashatagh (Lachin) province |quote= Based on the research of 1985 architect Artak Ghulian provided the first architectural description of the princely quarters. In this regard he has particularly stated that "being the continuation of traditional forms and volumes annlied in the compositional resolution of the palaces of Khachen and Vayots Dzor of the 12th-14th centuries, the planning and volume of Kashatagh castle is a link between the further development of the 17th-18th cent melik residences frequent in Karabakh and Zanghezoor". }}</ref>

===Azerbaijan===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2018}}
{{multiple image
| footer            = The palaces of the president of Azerbaijan
| align             = left
| width             = 220
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezident Aparatının binası.jpg
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = The [[Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan|Presidential Palace]]
| image2            = Gülüstan sarayı.jpg
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = [[Gulustan Palace]], [[Baku]]
| image3            = 
| alt3              = 
| caption3          = [[Zagulba|Residence of Zagulba]]
}}
[[File:Government House in Baku.jpg|thumb|The [[Government House, Baku|Government House]] in [[Baku]]]]
[[File:Palace of Happiness.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Palace of Happiness]] in [[Baku]]]]
[[Azerbaijan]] has a number of palaces which belong to different ages. For example, there are palaces from the [[Anno Domini|BC era]] and from the 12th century, like the "Goyalp" Palace of [[Eldiguzids]] Empire [[Atabeg]]{{Clarify|date=July 2023}}— located in Nakhchivan city and built in the 1130s.

[[Baku Khans' Palace]] is a complex of several houses that belonged to members of ruling family of the [[Baku Khanate]] in the 17th century. The palace complex was in ruins but has now been reconstructed as of 2018. Official Administration of State Historical-Architectural Reserve [[Icheri Sheher]] has opened the complex as a palace-museum.<ref name=laman>{{cite web|url= https://www.azernews.az/culture/166826.html|title= Inside Baku's Old City [INTERVIEW]|date= 10 July 2020|author= Laman Ismayilova|publisher=azernews.az}}</ref>

The [[Palace of Happiness]] (Azerbaijani: Səadət Sarayı), currently also called Palace of Marriage Registrations and previously called Mukhtarov Palace, is a historic building in the center of Baku, Azerbaijan, built in Neo-Gothic style in the early 19th century.

[[Shahbulag Castle|Shahbulag Castle Palace]] (Azerbaijani: Şahbulaq qalası "Spring of the Shah") is an 18th-century fortress near [[Aghdam]]. After the death of Turkic ruler [[Nadir Shah]], the territory that is today [[Azerbaijan]] split into several Caucasian khanates, one of which was the [[Karabakh Khanate]] founded by [[Panah Ali Khan]]. The first capital of the khanate was the [[Bayat Castle]], built in 1748

[[Haji Gayib's bathhouse|Haji Gayib's Palace]] is an ancient fortress construction near a coastal side of [[Icheri Sheher]]. It is located in the Baku quarter of [[Icheri Sheher]], opposite the [[Maiden Tower (Baku)|Maiden Tower]]. The history of the palace dates back to the 15th century. The Intake portal of the bathhouse is rectangular shaped

The [[Palace of Shaki Khans]] (Azerbaijani: Şəki xanlarının sarayı) in [[Shaki, Azerbaijan]], was a summer residence of Shaki Khans. It was built in 1797 by Muhammed Hasan Khan. Along with its pool and plane trees, the summer residence is the only remaining structure from the larger palatial complex inside the Sheki Khans' Fortress, which once included a winter palace, residences for the khan's family and servants' quarters. It features decorative tiles, fountains and several [[stained-glass]] windows. The exterior was decorated with dark blue, turquoise and ochre tiles in geometric patterns and the murals were coloured with [[tempera]] and were inspired by the works of [[Nizami Ganjavi]].

These are located in various regions and capital of Azerbaijan – the palace of government:
* [[Zagulba|Residence of Zagulba]] (510s) is the world's oldest presidential house and full-time residence of the [[president of Azerbaijan]] in [[Baku]].
* Bika Khanum Saray (1390–1394) Full-time residence of the [[president of Azerbaijan]] in [[Baku]].
* Bullur Palace (1740) residence of the [[president of Azerbaijan]], and [[List of Chairmen of the Supreme Majlis of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|chairmen of the Supreme Majlis of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]] in [[Sharur District]].
* Asena Palace (1804) Full-time residence of the [[president of Azerbaijan]] in [[Baku]].
* Göy Saray (Blue) (1810s) Rest residence of the [[president of Azerbaijan]] in [[Baku]]
* Palace of White Horse (1933) was the old rest palace for members of [[Political Bureau]] in [[Şəmkir|Shamkir]]
* [[Government House, Baku|Government House]] (1936) is a government building palace housing various state ministries of Azerbaijan
* [[The Office of Azerbaijan President|Administrational Palace]] (1970s)
* [[Gulustan Palace]] (1973) Full-time and feast residence of the [[president of Azerbaijan]] in [[Baku]].
* [[Mardakan|Ghazan Khan Palace]] (2006) Residence of the [[president of Azerbaijan]] in [[Baku]].
* Vahdat Presidential Summer Palace (2007) in [[Shamakhi]]
* Presidential Mountain Palace (2013) Rest residence of the president of Azerbaijan in [[Qabala]]

===Brunei===
[[Istana Nurul Iman]] is the world's largest residential palace and is the [[official residence]] of the [[sultan of Brunei]], [[Hassanal Bolkiah]], and the seat of the Brunei government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Largest Residential Palace |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-residential-palace |website=Guinnes World Records |access-date=9 June 2019}}</ref> The palace is located on a leafy sprawl of hills on the banks of the [[Brunei River]], a few kilometres south of [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], Brunei's capital.

=== Bangladesh ===
[[File:Ahsan Manjil 7.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Ahsan Manzil]], [[Dhaka]]]]
Most of the palaces in [[Bangladesh]] were built by the [[Zamindars of Bengal|Zamindars]] and [[Nawab]]s of [[British Bengal]]. Many magnificent palaces can be found across the country. Among the notable palaces are [[Ahsan Manzil]] (also known as Pink Palace), built by the Nawabs of Dhaka; [[Tajhat Palace]] of [[Rangpur, Bangladesh|Rangpur]]; [[Natore Palace]]; [[Puthia Rajbari]] of [[Rajshahi]]; [[Rose Garden Palace]] of [[Old Dhaka]]; [[Baliati Palace]] of [[Manikganj]]; [[Shashi Lodge]] of [[Mymensingh]]; and [[Bangabhaban|Bangabhaban (Presidential Palace)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zamindar Bari's in Bdsh - Bangladesh Forum - Tripadvisor|url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g293935-i9192-k6042642-Zamindar_Bari_s_in_Bdsh-Bangladesh.html|access-date=2020-06-22|website=www.tripadvisor.com|language=en}}</ref>

===China===
{{main|Chinese palace}}
[[File:Hall of Supreme Harmony (20241127120000).jpg|thumb|The [[Hall of Supreme Harmony]] in [[Beijing]], China]]

[[File:景山公园 (19687188164) - panorama.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|The [[Forbidden City]] took form as a grand complex of pavilions enclosed within square walls]]

[[File:Mukden Palace drone view 5 (cropped & rotated).jpg|thumb|Drone view of the [[Mukden Palace|Shenyang Imperial Palace]]]]

A famed example of Chinese palaces is the [[Forbidden City]], the imperial palace of the Chinese Empire from the [[Ming dynasty]] (since the [[Yongle Emperor]]) to the end of the [[Qing dynasty]]. Located in [[Beijing]], it is the largest palace complex currently in existence in the world.<ref name="ForbiddenCity1">{{cite book|last1=Bhutoria|first1=Sundeep|title=China Diary|year=2019|publisher=Pan Macmillan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWa5DwAAQBAJ&q=forbidden+city+largest+palace&pg=PT31|isbn=9781529045284}}</ref><ref name="ForbiddenCity2">{{cite book|last1=Bushell|first1=Stephen|title=Chinese Art|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2iU0EJGudQC&q=forbidden+city+largest+palace&pg=PA41|page=41|publisher=Parkstone International |isbn=9781780429243}}</ref><ref name="ForbiddenCity3">{{cite book|last1=Bandarin|first1=Francesco|last2=van Oers|first2=Ron|title=The Historic Urban Landscape: Managing Heritage in an Urban Century|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6VSbUHXYzAC&q=forbidden+city+largest+palace&pg=PA17|page=17|publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781119968092}}</ref> The palace complex exemplifies traditional [[Chinese architecture|Chinese palatial architecture]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439|title=UNESCO World Heritage List: Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=4 May 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505084440/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/439|archive-date=5 May 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Another example is the [[Summer Palace]] located in the northern suburb of Beijing and the [[Mukden Palace]] in [[Shenyang]]. The [[Presidential Palace (Nanjing)|Presidential Palace]] in [[Nanjing]] and [[Museum of the Imperial Palace of Manchukuo|Imperial Palace of Manchukuo]] in [[Changchun]] display European architectural influences.

The [[Weiyang Palace]] built during the [[Han dynasty]] was the largest palace complex ever built in the world,<ref name="WeiyangPalace">{{cite book|last1=Spilsbury|first1=Louise|title=Ancient China|year=2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zc9-DwAAQBAJ&q=largest+palace+ever+built+weiyang+palace&pg=PA20|page=20|publisher=Capstone |isbn=9781515725596}}</ref> but it was destroyed during the [[Tang dynasty]].

Chinese palaces are designed in regular square grids and arranged in a formal layout consisting of main buildings and a number of [[pavilion]]s enclosed within walls. Unlike massive single-structured European palaces or castles, Chinese palaces are a multitude of complexes containing several larger and smaller structures with parks and courtyards.

===India===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
[[File:Umaid Bhawan Palace seen from Mehrangarh Fort, India set-472 (5581471404).jpg|thumb|[[Umaid Bhawan Palace]] in [[Rajasthan]]]]
[[File:Mysore_Palace_(8113480008).jpg|thumb|left|[[Amba Vilas Palace]] in [[Mysore]], [[Karnataka]].]]
[[India]] is home to many palaces and vast empires. Its history is full of numerous dynasties that have ruled over various parts of the country. While most monuments of the ancient period have been destroyed or lie in ruins, some medieval buildings have been maintained or restored to good condition. Several medieval forts and palaces still stand all over India. These are examples of the achievements of the architects and engineers of that age. The palaces of India offer an insight into the life of the royalty of the country. While some royal palaces have been maintained as museums or hotels over the last decades, some are still homes for the members of the erstwhile royal families. These forts and palaces are the largest illustrations and legacy of the princely states of India. They feature floats of flowers in grand fountains, shimmering blue water of magnificent baths and private pools, doric pillars, ornamental brackets, decorative staircases, and light streaming in through large windows. India possesses some of the most fascinating forts and palaces, a true royal retreat. It is not just a romantic longing for a royal experience, but also the search for the truly authentic Indian experience that brings thousands of heritage lovers to India's palaces.

[[Rajasthan]] has many forts and palaces that are major tourist destinations in North India. (See [[List of palaces in Rajasthan]].) The Rajputs (collective term for the rulers of the region) were known as brave soldiers who preferred to die than be taken prisoners. They were also great connoisseurs of art and brilliant builders. The most famous forts and palaces in Rajasthan are located in Chittor, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Udaipur, Saphieree, Amber and Nahargarh. [[Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces]] manages some of the most iconic palaces of the region, [[Lake Palace]], Udaipur; [[Umaid Bhawan Palace]], Jodhpur; [[Fort Madhogarh]], Jaipur and [[Rambagh Palace]], Jaipur; and offer authentic royal retreats to the guests in all its grandeur, splendour and magnificence.

[[Kolkata]] is known as the City of Palaces within the Indian context, referring to the numerous grand residential buildings that dotted the city from the end of the 18th century onwards, as it grew to become one of the largest cities of the [[British Raj]].

[[Karnataka]] is famous for the [[Amba Vilas Palace]] (commonly known as [[Mysore Palace]]) in Mysuru / [[Mysore]], which was the palace of the [[Wodeyar]] kings. It was said to have been built of wood until it had to be rebuilt after a [[fire]] that burned down the entire palace complex.

===Indonesia===
[[File:Istana Pagaruyung.jpg|thumb|[[Pagaruyung Palace]]]]
In [[Indonesia]], palaces are known as ''[[Istana (disambiguation)|istana]]'' ([[Malay language|Malay]] and [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]), or ''[[Kraton (Indonesia)|kraton]]'' ([[Javanese language|Javanese]] and [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]). In [[Bali]] the royal palace compound is called ''puri''. The palaces reflect the long [[Indonesian history|history]] and diverse [[Culture of Indonesia|culture]] of the Indonesian archipelago.<ref name="JP-Palace">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/02/22/hundreds-of-palaces-still-in-existence-in-indonesia.html|title=Hundreds of palaces still in existence in Indonesia|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=2018-09-08|language=en}}</ref>

Although Indonesia is now a republic, some of its parts and provinces still retain and preserve their traditional royal heritage, for example the Sultanate of [[Yogyakarta Sultanate|Yogyakarta]], [[Surakarta Sunanate|Surakarta]], [[Mangkunegaran]] princedom, [[Keraton Kasepuhan|Kasepuhan]] palace in [[Cirebon Sultanate|Cirebon]], as well as the [[Sultanate of Pontianak]] and [[Kutai]] in [[East Kalimantan]]. Remnants of palaces and royal houses still can be found in [[Banten]], [[Medan]], [[Ternate]], [[Tidore]], [[Bima]], [[Bali]] and [[Sumenep]]. Most of whom are now Museums.<ref name="JP-Palace"/> The layout of traditional Balinese and Javanese ''kratons'' is similar to the Chinese concept of walled compounds of royal pavilions, squares and gardens. Most of these ''kratons'' took the form of wooden pavilions called ''[[pendopo]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/yogyakarta/attractions/kraton/a/poi-sig/442276/356573|title=Kraton|website=www.lonelyplanet.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-08}}</ref> while the ''istana'' of [[Sumatra]] usually consist of a single large structure. Typical [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] vernacular architecture can be found in [[Pagaruyung Palace]], [[West Sumatra]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/23/istano-basa-pagaruyung-restored-glory.html|title=Istano Basa Pagaruyung: Restored to glory|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=2018-09-08|language=en}}</ref> An example of [[Malay Indonesian|Malay]] palace is [[Istana Maimun]] in [[Medan]] and the [[Siak Sri Indrapura Palace]] in [[Siak Sri Indrapura | Siak]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indonesia.travel/gb/en/trip-ideas/6-instagrammable-landmarks-in-medan|work=Indonesia Travel |title=6 Instagrammable Landmarks in Medan|access-date=2018-09-08}}</ref>

During the [[Dutch East India Company|VOC]] and colonial era of the [[Dutch East Indies]], the colonial government built several European stately palaces as the residence of the governor-general. Most of these European palaces have now become the state palace of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian state palaces are the [[neoclassical architecture|neoclassic]] [[Merdeka Palace]] and [[Bogor Palace]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/11/21/jokowi-to-work-from-bogor-palace-in-december.html|title=Jokowi to work from Bogor Palace in December|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=2018-09-08|language=en}}</ref>

===Iran===
{{main|List of palaces in Iran}}

[[File:Palacio de Golestán, Teherán, Irán, 2016-09-17, DD 15-19 PAN.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Golestan Palace]] in [[Tehran]]]]
The [[Niavarān Palace Complex]] is a historical complex situated in the northern part of Tehran, Iran. It consists of several buildings and a museum. The Sahebqraniyeh Palace, from the time of [[Naser al-Din Shah]] of the Qajar dynasty, is also inside this complex. The main Niavaran Palace, completed in 1968, was the primary residence of the last shah, [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], and the imperial family, until the Iranian Revolution. The main palace was designed by the Iranian architect Mohsen Foroughi.

===Israel/Palestine===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
The pre-[[Israelite]] [[Canaan]]ite site of [[Tel Kabri]], destroyed in c. 1600 BCE, was built around a palace core. A palace culture of ancient [[History of ancient Israel and Judah |Israel and Judah]] can be inferred from the [[Hebrew Bible]], and the [[History of Israel#Iron Age |Iron Age]] [[Omride]] palace at [[Samaria (ancient city)|Samaria]] has been excavated by archaeologists; no palace of [[David]] has been securely identified, and the historicity of [[Solomon]] is yet to be proven.

From the Late [[Hellenistic]] or [[Hasmonean]] and the Early Roman or [[Herodian]] period, there are many historical palaces like the two at [[Masada]]. [[Herod's Palace| Palaces of Herod the Great]] and his line of [[Client kingdoms in ancient Rome| client kings and rulers]] have been further identified at several sites, including Herod's [[Herod's Palace (Jerusalem) |royal palace at Jerusalem]], the Hasmonean and Herodian winter palaces at [[Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq| Jericho]], and Herod's [[Herod's Palace (Herodium)| fortified palace and second administrative seat at Herodium]] in the Judean desert. Herod's palace at [[Caesarea Maritima]] preserved its palatial function as the official residence of the [[Roman procurator]]s and [[Roman governor|governors]] of In [[Judaea (Roman province) | Judaea]].

There are other much later palaces in the [[Old City of Jerusalem]], such as the [[Mamluk Egypt| Mamluk]] [[Lady Tunshuk Palace]].

There are a number of magnificent 19th-century buildings that are not considered "palaces", but have the grandeur of a typical palace, such as the [[Bukharan Quarter#Yehudayoff Palace ("Armon") |Yehudayoff-Hefetz residence]], and the [[Russian Compound#Sergei Courtyard |Sergei Courtyard]] in [[Jerusalem]].

===Japan===
[[File:KoukyoSeimon.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tokyo Imperial Palace]]]]
{{main|List of Japanese imperial residences}}
Of the palaces in Japan, many are located in [[Tokyo]], such as the [[Tokyo Imperial Palace]], which houses Japan's royal family. The imperial palace was built on the site of [[Edo Castle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3017.html|title=Tokyo Imperial Palace|date=20 May 2019|website=Japan Guide|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> Other Japanese palaces are located in Kyoto, the former capital of Japan. Most Japanese palaces are built in a "castle" style formation, as a large pagoda. This helps reinforce the palace from earthquakes.

===Korea===
{{Main|Korean Palace}}
[[File:경복궁 전경.jpg|thumb|right|The Korean [[Gyeongbokgung]] palace]]
Korea has used many palaces since ancient times, although many have been destroyed. Palaces were built within, but not limited to Seoul, Kaeseong, Pyeongyang, Gyeongju, and Buyeo, as well as in various cities located outside of modern Korea. Today, only [[Joseon|Joseon dynasty]] palaces are still intact, even then, very downsized due to years of colonialism, war, and neglect. The most emblematic of these surviving palaces is the [[Gyeongbokgung]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Five Beautiful Palaces in Korea - National Palace Museum of Korea |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/explore-five-beautiful-palaces-in-korea/PgLiLZsbbnj1LA |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> the primary palace of the Joseon Dynasty. Other examples include the [[Changdeokgung]], [[Changgyeonggung]], [[Deoksugung]], and [[Gyeonghuigung]]. All of these are from the Joseon dynasty and survive to this day, though many had to be reconstructed during the recent decades following their destruction during the [[Korea under Japanese rule|colonial period]]. Other famous examples include the [[Manwoldae]], the palace of the [[Goryeo dynasty]] located in [[Kaeseong]], the [[Banwolseong]], the palace of [[Silla]] located in [[Gyeongju]], and [[Anhak Palace]], the palace of [[Goguryeo]] located in [[Pyeongyang]].

===Lebanon===
[[File:Courtyard at Beiteddine Palace - 2009.jpg|thumb|right|[[Beiteddine Palace]] built in the 15th century in [[Lebanon]]]]
Palaces have existed in Lebanon since the time of the [[Phoenicians]]. Almost all of the palaces of ancient Phoenicia have been destroyed.

During the Renaissance palaces were built in Lebanon, especially in the [[Chouf]] region of Mount Lebanon. Lebanese palaces are very diverse architecturally, being influenced by Arabs, Italians, French, Persians, Turkish and East Asians. This is seen in the [[Beiteddine Palace]], which is a mixture of traditional Lebanese, Italian, Arabic and Persian architecture.

Today in Lebanon there are at least ten buildings that can be classified as palaces, including the [[Beiteddine Palace]], [[Grand Serail]] (one of the largest in the world), [[Baabda Palace]], [[Sursock Museum]], [[Seraglio of Baabda]] and [[Fakhreddine Palace]].

===Malaysia===
[[File:Kuala Lumpur Malaysia-Istana Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg|thumb|[[Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim|Istana Negara]] (National Palace), the official residence of the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong|king of Malaysia]]]]
[[File:Malaysian National Palace Main Gate (6758948437).jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|The monumental gate of [[Istana Negara, Jalan Duta|Istana Negara Jalan Duta]], Malaysia]]
[[Malaysia]], a constituent of nine states, is ruled by hereditary sultans. Every five years, one sultan is elected as [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] (Supreme King), the head of state of Malaysia. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong has a palace, referred to as an ''[[Istana Negara, Jalan Duta|istana]]''. Each of the other sultans has their own ''istana'', located in their state. Throughout the country they are sometimes called ''Istana Hinggap''.

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's official residences are the [[Istana Negara, Jalan Duta]]; the Royal Museum; and [[Istana Melawati]], a palace and retreat, located in [[Putrajaya]]. Some of the other official palaces are the [[Istana Besar]], [[Anak Bukit|Istana Anak Bukit]], Istana Pekan, [[Istana Maziah]], [[Istana Alam Shah]], Istana Balai Besar, [[Seri Menanti|Istana Besar Seri Menanti]], [[Istana Iskandariah]] and Istana Arau. Several appointed governors, or [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri]], are also assigned to have their official seat and residence such as [[The Astana, Sarawak|The Astana]], Istana Negeri Sabah and [[The Residency, Penang|Seri Mutiara]].

===Nepal===
[[Singha Durbar]] (literally, ''Lion Palace'') in [[Kathmandu]] is the official [[seat of government]] of [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Louise |title=The Ranas and the Raj |url=http://www.historiamag.com/ranas-and-raj/ |website=Historia}}</ref>

[[File:Narayanhiti Palace Museum.jpg|thumb|right|Narayanhiti Palace]]
[[Narayanhiti Palace]] Museum was a residence and principal workplace of the reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Nepal. It was built by King Mahendra in 1961<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=Narayanhiti Palace Museum {{!}} Ticket Price, Opening Days - Stunning Nepal |url=https://www.stunningnepal.com/narayanhiti-palace-museum/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> under the design of Californian architect Benjamin Polk. After the [[2006 Nepalese revolution|2006 revolution]] that overthrew the monarchy, this royal palace was turned into a public museum.

Older palaces include the Durbar Squares, which are enlisted as [[UNESCO World Heritage Sites]]. They are located in [[Kathmandu Valley]] in districts of [[Kathmandu]], [[Bhaktapur]] and [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Lalitpur]]. In Kathmandu is Kathmandu Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square in Bhaktapur, Patan Durbar Square in Lalitpur.

[[File:Basantapur Tower Kathmandu Durbar Square Nepal.jpg|thumb|right|Kathmandu Durbar Square]]
[[Kathmandu Durbar Square]] (Basantapur Darbar Kshetra) in front of the old royal palace of the former Kathmandu Kingdom is one of three durbar (royal palace) squares in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Several buildings in the Square collapsed due to a major earthquake on 25 April 2015. Durbar Square was surrounded with spectacular architecture and vividly showcases the skills of the Newar artists and craftsmen over several centuries. The Royal Palace was originally at Dattaraya square and was later moved to Durbar square.

The Kathmandu Durbar Square held the palaces of the Malla and Shah kings who ruled over the city. Along with these palaces, the square surrounds quadrangles, revealing courtyards and temples. It is known as Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square, a name derived from a statue of Hanuman, the monkey devotee of Lord Ram, at the entrance of the palace.
 
[[File:Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Bhatkapur.jpg|thumb|right|Bhaktapur Durbar Square]]
[[Bhaktapur Durbar Square]] is the plaza in front of the royal palace of the old Bhaktapur Kingdom. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Bhaktapur Durbar Square is located in the current town of Bhaktapur, also known as Bhadgaon, which lies 13&nbsp;km east of Kathmandu. While the complex consists of at least four distinct squares (Durbar Square, Taumadhi Square, Dattatreya Square and Pottery Square), the whole area is informally known as the Bhakapur Durbar Square and is a highly visited site in the Kathmandu Valley. This palace consists of 55 windows so it is also known as '55 Windowed Palace'.

[[Patan Durbar Square]] is situated at the centre of the city of Lalitpur in Nepal. It is also one of the three durbar squares in the Kathmandu Valley, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One of its attraction is the ancient royal palace where the Malla kings of Lalitpur resided.

The Durbar Square is a marvel of Newa architecture. The floor of the square is tiled with red bricks. There are many temples and idols in the area. The main temples are aligned opposite of the western face of the palace. The entrance of the [[temples]] faces east, towards the palace. There is also a bell situated in the alignment beside the main temples. The Square also holds old Newari residential houses. There are various other temples and structures in and around Patan Durbar Square built by the Newa People.

===Philippines===
[[File:Daru_Jambangan.jpg|thumb|right|Daru Jambangan, royal palace of the [[Sultanate of Sulu]]]]

In [[History of the Philippines (900–1521)|pre-Hispanic Philippines]], [[Filipino people|Filipino]]s built large wooden residences for the ancient nobility and royalty (such as [[lakan]]s, wangs, [[rajah]]s and [[datu]]s) called ''[[torogan]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph:81/CC01/NLP00VM052mcd/v2/v2.pdf |title=The Ethnic Tradition |access-date=26 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062606/http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph:81/CC01/NLP00VM052mcd/v2/v2.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> or ''bahay lakan'' ("king's house"). The windows of the ''torogan'' are slits and richly framed in wood panels with ''okir'' designs located in front of the house. The communal kitchen is half a meter lower than the main house and is both used for cooking and eating. The distinct high gable roof of the ''torogan'', thin at the apex and gracefully flaring out to the eaves, sits on a huge structures enclosed by slabs of timber and lifted more than two meters above the ground by a huge trunk of a tree that was set on a rock. The end floor beams lengthen as panolongs the seemed to lift up the whole house. The torogan is suffused with decorations. There were diongal at the apex of the roof, also an intricately carved tinai a walai, ''okir'' designs in the floor, on windows and on panolongs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://habagatcentral.com/2012/02/16/torogan-the-forgotten-heritage-of-dayawan-marawi|title=Torogan: The Forgotten Heritage of Dayawan Marawi – HabagatCentral|work=HabagatCentral|access-date=17 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123172315/http://habagatcentral.com/2012/02/16/torogan-the-forgotten-heritage-of-dayawan-marawi/|archive-date=23 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The people in the southern part of Philippines built the same wooden palaces such as the ''langgal'' of the [[Tausug people|Tausug]]. In the [[Sultanate of Sulu]], a palace was built for the sultans and was named [[Darul Jambangan|Astana Darul Jambangan]] (white adobe), which was destroyed by a typhoon in 1912. A replica of the royal palace has been rebuilt as an attraction in Mt. Bayug Eco-Cultural Park in the town of [[Talipao, Sulu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eazytraveler.net/2014/11/sulu-sultan-royal-palace-replica/|title=Talipao, Sulu: Sleeping Like a Sultan at the Royal Palace Replica|date=12 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113162939/http://www.eazytraveler.net/2014/11/sulu-sultan-royal-palace-replica/|archive-date=13 January 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

During the [[History of the Philippines (1565–1898)|Spanish era]], the government of the [[Spanish East Indies]] built a succession of palaces in and around [[Manila]] for high colonial officials and religious authorities. The most famous of these is the 18th-century [[Malacañang Palace]], which originally housed Spanish and American [[Governor-General of the Philippines|governors-general]] and, since the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Commonwealth]], the [[president of the Philippines]].

Former president and strongman [[Ferdinand Marcos]] had [[Coconut Palace]] constructed in 1978 to showcase the country's varied uses for the [[coconut]]. It serves as the home and office of the [[Vice-President of the Philippines|vice-president]]. In 2004, President [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] converted the former ''Aduana'' (customs house) in [[Cebu City]] into a small palace, called [[Malacañang sa Sugbo]].

===Thailand===
{{Main|List of Thai royal residences}}

===Turkey===
[[File:Topkapı - 01.jpg|thumb|[[Topkapı Palace]] complex, [[Istanbul]]]]
The enormous [[Topkapı Palace]] complex in [[Istanbul]] was begun in 1459, and with its many additions survived almost completely intact until it was turned into a museum in 1923. It was the centre of government as well as the residence of the [[Ottoman Caliphs]].  It combined aspects of the typical Asian form of a group of pavilions set in a large walled garden (part is now [[Gülhane Park]]) with the European style of a single massive building with courtyards. Visitors passed through a series of courtyards, originally lined with hundreds of soldiers along the arcades, with only the most important or favoured reaching the Fourth Courtyard and the imperial residential quarters.

By the 19th century Topkapı was largely abandoned as a residence in favour of the new [[Dolmabahçe Palace]] and [[Yıldız Palace]], as well as smaller [[Ottoman palaces in Istanbul]], some summer retreats and the like.  These were in essentially European architectural styles.

===Vietnam===
{{Further|Imperial City of Huế|Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long|Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty|Cổ Loa Citadel}}
[[File:La porte du midi (Cité impériale, Hué).jpg|thumb|Meridian gate, Imperial City of Hue]]
[[File:Main Gate - Citadel of Hanoi.jpg|thumb|right|Doan Mon gate, Imperial Citadel of Thang Long]]