Editing PDF (section)

=== Accessibility ===

PDF files can be created specifically to be accessible to people with disabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://webaim.org/techniques/acrobat/ |title=PDF Accessibility |publisher=WebAIM |access-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112153237/https://webaim.org/techniques/acrobat/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alistapart.com/articles/pdf_accessibility |title=Facts and Opinions About PDF Accessibility |first=Joe |last=Clark |date=August 22, 2005 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-date=January 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124140051/http://alistapart.com/articles/pdf_accessibility |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wac.osu.edu/pdf/ |title=Accessibility and PDF documents |website=Web Accessibility Center |access-date=January 12, 2023 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427062242/http://wac.osu.edu/pdf/ |archive-date=April 27, 2010 |publisher=The Ohio State University }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/futuremedia/accessibility/accessible_pdf.shtml |title=PDF Accessibility Standards|version=1.2 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |url-status=dead |publisher=BBC|archive-date=May 29, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529035503/http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/futuremedia/accessibility/accessible_pdf.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csus.edu/training/handouts/workshops/creating_accessible_pdfs.pdf |title=PDF Accessibility |publisher=California State University |access-date=January 12, 2023 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527215445/http://www.csus.edu/training/handouts/workshops/creating_accessible_pdfs.pdf |archive-date=May 27, 2010|year=2009 }}</ref> PDF file formats in use {{As of|2014|lc=on}} can include tags, text equivalents, captions, audio descriptions, and more. Some software can automatically produce [[PDF/A|tagged PDFs]], but this feature is not always enabled by default.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://help.libreoffice.org/7.4/en-US/text/shared/01/ref_pdf_export.html |title=LibreOffice Help – Export as PDF |access-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112153247/https://help.libreoffice.org/7.4/en-US/text/shared/01/ref_pdf_export.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Z. |first=Andrew |url=http://www.oooninja.com/2008/01/generating-pdfa-for-long-term-archiving.html |title=Exporting PDF/A for long-term archiving |date=January 11, 2008 |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224185200/https://www.oooninja.com/2008/01/generating-pdfa-for-long-term-archiving.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leading [[screen reader]]s, including [[JAWS (screen reader)|JAWS]], [[Window-Eyes]], Hal, and [[Kurzweil Educational Systems|Kurzweil 1000 and 3000]] can read tagged PDFs.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/10/tip-of-the-week-adobe-readers-read-aloud-feature/ |title=Tip of the Week: Adobe Reader's 'Read Aloud' Feature |access-date=January 12, 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=April 10, 2009 |first=J.D. |last=Biersdorfer |archive-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122205912/https://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/10/tip-of-the-week-adobe-readers-read-aloud-feature/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.adobe.com/accessibility/pdfs/accessing-pdf-sr.pdf |title=Accessing PDF documents with assistive technology: A screen reader user's guide |publisher=Adobe Systems Inc.|access-date=January 12, 2023|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080728093103/https://www.adobe.com/accessibility/pdfs/accessing-pdf-sr.pdf|archive-date=July 28, 2008}}</ref> Moreover, tagged PDFs can be re-flowed and magnified for readers with visual impairments. Adding tags to older PDFs and those that are generated from scanned documents can present some challenges.

One of the significant challenges with PDF accessibility is that PDF documents have three distinct views, which, depending on the document's creation, can be inconsistent with each other. The three views are (i) the physical view, (ii) the tags view, and (iii) the content view. The physical view is displayed and printed (what most people consider a PDF document). The tags view is what screen readers and other assistive technologies use to deliver high-quality navigation and reading experience to users with disabilities. The content view is based on the physical order of objects within the PDF's content stream and may be displayed by software that does not fully support the tags' view, such as the Reflow feature in Adobe's Reader.

[[PDF/UA]], the International Standard for accessible PDF based on ISO 32000-1 was first published as ISO 14289–1 in 2012 and establishes normative language for accessible PDF technology.