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==Operation Enduring Freedom β Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA)== {{Main|Operation Enduring Freedom β Horn of Africa}} Unlike other operations contained in Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF-HOA does not have a specific terrorist organization as a target. OEF-HOA instead focuses its efforts to disrupt and detect terrorist activities in the region and to work with host nations to deny the reemergence of terrorist cells and activities. Operations began in mid-2002 at [[Camp Lemonnier]] by a [[Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force]] (CJSOTF) augmented by support forces from [[Fort Stewart]], [[Fort Hood]], and [[Fort Story]]. In October 2002, the Combined Joint Task Force, Horn of Africa ([[CJTF-HOA]]) was established at Djibouti at [[Camp Lemonnier]], taking over responsibilities from the CJSOTF. CJTF-HOA comprised approximately 2,000 personnel including U.S. military and Special Operations Forces (SOF), and coalition force members, [[Combined Task Force 150]] (CTF-150). The coalition force consists of ships from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, India, Italy, Pakistan, New Zealand, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. The primary goal of the coalition forces is to monitor, inspect, board and stop suspected shipments from entering the Horn of Africa region. Since 2003, the U.S. Military also conducts operations targeting Al-Qaeda-linked fighters in Somalia, these operations had reportedly killed between 113 and 136 militants by early 2016. On 7 March 2016, a further 150 were killed in U.S. airstrikes on an al Shabaab training camp north of Mogadishu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/more-150-shebab-fighters-killed-us-drone-strike-171223047.html|title=US strike kills at least 150 al Shebab fighters in Somalia|publisher=Yahoo news|date=8 March 2016|access-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105201035/https://news.yahoo.com/more-150-shebab-fighters-killed-us-drone-strike-171223047.html|archive-date=5 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> CJTF-HOA has devoted the majority of its efforts to train selected armed forces units of the countries of Djibouti, Kenya and Ethiopia in counterterrorism and counterinsurgency tactics. Humanitarian efforts conducted by CJTF-HOA include the rebuilding of schools and medical clinics, as well as providing medical services to those countries whose forces are being trained. The program expands as part of the Trans-Saharan Counter Terrorism Initiative as CJTF personnel also assist in training the forces of Chad, Niger, Mauritania and Mali.<ref>{{Citation|title=Terrorism |url=https://www.senate.gov/member/al/shelby/general/legislation/Terrorism.pdf |publisher=Senate |place=Washington, DC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011050803/https://www.senate.gov/member/al/shelby/general/legislation/Terrorism.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2006 }}</ref> ===U.S. action=== "Operation Enduring Freedom" [[File:ISAF-Logo.svg|thumb|International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) patch]] * 7 October 2001 β 28 December 2014 * Casualties U.S. Coalition: 3,486 Dead * Taliban/Al-Qaeda:25,500β40,500 Dead Anti-piracy operations were undertaken by the coalition throughout 2006 with a [[Action of 18 March 2006|battle fought in March]] when US vessels were attacked by pirates. In January 2007, during the [[War in Somalia (2006β09)|war in Somalia]], an [[AC-130]] airstrike was conducted against [[al-Qaeda]] members embedded with forces of the [[Islamic Courts Union]] (ICU) operating in southern Somalia near [[2007 Battle of Ras Kamboni|Ras Kamboni]]. US naval forces, including the [[aircraft carrier]] [[USS Dwight D. Eisenhower|USS ''Dwight D. Eisenhower'']], were positioned off the coast of Somalia to provide support and to prevent any al-Qaeda forces escaping by sea. Actions against pirates also occurred in June and October 2007 with varying amounts of success. "Operation Resolute Support/Freedom's Sentinel" * 1 January 2015 β Present * Casualties U.S. Coalition: 1 January 2015 β Present | 70 Dead* β Subject to change<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icasualties.org/|title=iCasualties: Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom Casualties|website=icasualties.org|access-date=2018-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204203958/http://icasualties.org/|archive-date=4 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> * Taliban/Al-Qaeda: Effective 1 January 2015, Secretary of Defense Hagel announced that the new U.S. mission in Afghanistan will focus on training, advising, and assisting Afghan security forces and designated as Operation Freedom's Sentinel. 19 About 13,500 U.S. troops are expected in Afghanistan through 2015 and will be assisted by troops from NATO allies.
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