Editing Nuremberg (section)

==Culture==
[[File:Albrecht-Dürer-Haus - Tiergärtnerplatz - Nuremberg, Germany - DSC02033.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Albrecht Dürer's House]]]]
[[File:Christkindlesmarkt nuernberg.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Christkindlesmarkt, Nuremberg|Christkindlesmarkt]] with ''Schöner Brunnen'']]Nuremberg was an early centre of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention. The city contributed much to the science of [[astronomy]]. In 1471 Johannes Mueller of [[Königsberg, Bavaria|Königsberg]] (Bavaria), later called [[Regiomontanus]], built an astronomical observatory in Nuremberg and published many important astronomical charts.

In 1515, [[Albrecht Dürer]], a native of Nuremberg, created woodcuts of the first maps of the stars of the northern and southern hemispheres, producing the first printed star charts, which had been ordered by [[Johannes Stabius]]. Around 1515 Dürer also published the "Stabiussche Weltkarte", the first perspective drawing of the terrestrial globe.<ref>{{cite book |first=Wilhelm |last=Waetzoldt |title=Dürer und seine Zeit |date=1935 |publisher=Phaedon |place=Vienna |pages=306–309}}</ref>

Printers and publishers have a long history in Nuremberg. Many of these publishers worked with well-known artists of the day to produce books that could also be considered works of art. In 1470 [[Anton Koberger]] opened Europe's first print shop in Nuremberg. In 1493, he published the ''Nuremberg Chronicles'', also known as the ''World Chronicles'' (''Schedelsche Weltchronik''), an illustrated history of the world from the creation to the present day. It was written in the local Franconian dialect by [[Hartmann Schedel]] and had illustrations by [[Michael Wolgemut|Michael Wohlgemuth]], [[Hans Pleydenwurff|Wilhelm Pleydenwurff]], and Albrecht Dürer. Others furthered geographical knowledge and travel by map making. Notable among these was navigator and geographer [[Martin Behaim]], who made the first world globe.

Sculptors such as [[Veit Stoss]], [[Adam Kraft]] and [[Peter Vischer the Elder|Peter Vischer]] are also associated with Nuremberg.

Composed of prosperous artisans, the guilds of the [[Meistersinger]]s flourished here. [[Richard Wagner]] made their most famous member, [[Hans Sachs]], the hero of his opera ''[[Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg]]''. Baroque composer [[Johann Pachelbel]] was born here and was organist of [[St. Sebaldus Church]].

The [[Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg|academy of fine arts]] situated in Nuremberg is the oldest art academy in central Europe and looks back to a tradition of 350 years of artistic education.

Nuremberg is also famous for its [[Christkindlesmarkt, Nuremberg|Christkindlesmarkt]] (Christmas market), which draws well over a million shoppers each year. The market is famous for its handmade ornaments and delicacies.
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===Museums===

{{main|List of museums in Nuremberg}}
*[[Germanisches Nationalmuseum]]
*[[Albrecht Dürer's House|House of Albrecht Dürer]]
*[[Kunsthalle Nürnberg]]
*[[Kunstverein Nürnberg]]
*[[Neues Museum Nürnberg]] (Modern Art Museum)
*[[Nuremberg Toy Museum]]
*[[Nuremberg Transport Museum]]

===Performing arts===
[[File:Staatstheater Nürnberg 2006-08-08.jpg|thumb|right|The Nuremberg State Theatre]]
[[File:Ciocarlia Bardentreffen 15 2193.jpg|thumb|right|Bardentreffen 2015]]
The [[Staatstheater Nürnberg|Nuremberg State Theatre]], founded in 1906, is dedicated to all types of opera, ballet and stage theatre. During the season 2009/2010, the theatre presented 651 performances for an audience of 240,000 persons.<ref name="StaatsTheater">{{cite web |url=http://www.mittelbayerische.de/nachrichten/oberpfalz-bayern/artikel/mehr_besucher_im_staatstheater/596528/mehr_besucher_im_staatstheater.html |title=Audience of the ''Staatstheater'' (Mehr Besucher im Staatstheater Nürnberg) |publisher=Mittelbayerische.de |year=2011 |access-date=5 March 2011 |language=de |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722162934/http://www.mittelbayerische.de/nachrichten/oberpfalz-bayern/artikel/mehr_besucher_im_staatstheater/596528/mehr_besucher_im_staatstheater.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The State Philharmonic Nuremberg ([[Staatsphilharmonie Nürnberg]]) is the orchestra of the [[Staatstheater Nürnberg|State Theatre]]. Its name was changed in 2011 from its previous name: The Nuremberg Philharmonic (''Nürnberger Philharmoniker''). It is the second-largest opera orchestra in Bavaria.<ref name="Philharmonic">{{cite web |url=http://www.staatstheater-nuernberg.de/inhalte/index.php?menu=401 |title=Die Staatsphilharmonie Nürnberg |year=2012 |publisher=Staatstheater-nuernberg.de |access-date=11 February 2012 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507092830/http://staatstheater-nuernberg.de/inhalte/index.php?menu=401 |archive-date=7 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Besides opera performances, it also presents its own subscription concert series in the [[Meistersingerhalle]]. [[Christof Perick]] was the principal conductor of the orchestra between 2006 and 2011. [[Marcus Bosch]] heads the orchestra since September 2011.

The [[Nuremberg Symphony Orchestra]] (''Nürnberger Symphoniker'') performs around 100 concerts a year to a combined annual audience of more than 180,000.<ref name="Symphony">{{cite web |url=http://www.kulturfreunde-bayreuth.de/info_konzert_10.htm |title=Nuremberg Symphony Orchestra, audience and concerts stats. |year=2011 |access-date=3 March 2011 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191012/http://www.kulturfreunde-bayreuth.de/info_konzert_10.htm |archive-date=21 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The regular subscription concert series are mostly performed in the ''Meistersingerhalle'' but other venues are used as well, including the new concert hall of the ''Kongresshalle'' and the ''Serenadenhof''. [[Alexander Shelley]] has been the principal conductor of the orchestra since 2009.

The Nuremberg International Chamber Music Festival (''Internationales Kammermusikfestival Nürnberg'') takes place in early September each year, and in 2011 celebrated its tenth anniversary. Concerts take place around the city; opening and closing events are held in the medieval ''Burg''. The [[Bardentreffen]], an annual folk festival in Nuremberg, has been deemed the largest [[world music]] festival in Germany and takes place since 1976. 2014 the Bardentreffen starred 368 artists from 31 nations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankenfernsehen.tv/krieg-und-frieden-liedermacher-pippo-pollina-eroeffnet-bardentreffen-56711/ |title="Krieg und Frieden" – Pippo Pollina eröffnet Bardentreffen |date=2 August 2014 |publisher=Frankenfernsehen.tv |access-date=12 January 2015 |archive-date=3 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203115056/http://www.frankenfernsehen.tv/krieg-und-frieden-liedermacher-pippo-pollina-eroeffnet-bardentreffen-56711/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Cuisine===
[[File:Nürnberger Bratwürste.jpg|thumb|Nürnberger [[Bratwurst]]]]
Nuremberg is known for Nürnberger [[Bratwurst]], which is shorter and thinner than other bratwurst sausages.

Another Nuremberg speciality is Nürnberger [[Lebkuchen]], a kind of gingerbread eaten mainly around Christmas time.
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