Editing Noble savage (section)

=== Opponents of primitivism ===
In ''[[War Before Civilization|War Before Civilization: the Myth of the Peaceful Savage]]'' (1996), the archaeologist [[Lawrence H. Keeley]] said that the "widespread myth" that "civilized humans have fallen from grace from a simple, primeval happiness, a peaceful [[Golden Age|golden age]]" is contradicted and refuted by archeologic evidence that indicates that violence was common practice in early human societies. That the ''noble savage'' paradigm has warped anthropological literature to political ends.<ref>Keely, Lawrence H.  ''War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage'' (Oxford, University Press, 1996), p. 5.</ref> Moreover, the anthropologist [[Roger Sandall]] likewise accused anthropologists of exalting the mythical noble savage above civilized man,<ref>See: Patrick Wolfe's opinion of Roger Sandall in'' The Anthropological Book Review'', September 2001.</ref> by way of ''designer tribalism'', a form of [[Romanticism|romanticised]] primitivism that dehumanises Indigenous peoples into the cultural stereotype of the ''indigène'' peoples who live a primitive way of life demarcated and limited by [[tradition]], which discouraged Indigenous peoples from [[cultural assimilation]] into the dominant Western culture.<ref>Hirsi Ali, Ayaan (12 June 2010) “Facing up to radical Islam”, ''The Gazette'' magazine, Montreal, Canada. Retrieved 22 July 2022.</ref><ref>Peacock, Janice (2006) “Culture Cult Clan 2001: Comments on the Survival of Torres Strait Culture”, ''Aboriginal History'' 30:138–155. Retrieved 21 July 2022.</ref><ref>Malcolm, Ian (2002). ''Coming to Terms with Diversity: Educational Responses to Linguistic Plurality in Australia'' (PDF). Zeitschrift für Australienstudien. 16: 17–30. doi:10.35515/zfa/asj.16/2002.04. Retrieved 21 July 2022.</ref>

In the 2003 book, ''[[Constant Battles: Why we fight]]'' written by [[Steven A. LeBlanc|Steven LeBlanc]], a [[professor]] of [[archaeology]] at [[Harvard University]] who specializes in the [[American Southwest]], LeBlanc further documents the mythical notion of primitive non-violence against foreign tribal peoples, internal strife and internecine violence, as well as violence against animals and wildlife. In many of these instances the homicide rate even rose to substantially higher levels than any seen in modernity on a proportionate basis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shermer |first=Michael |date=2016-01-01 |title=Did This Extinct Human Species Commit Homicide? |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/did-this-extinct-human-species-commit-homicide1/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LeBlanc's Book Explores Warfare Through the Ages {{!}} Arts {{!}} The Harvard Crimson |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/4/11/leblancs-book-explores-warfare-through-the/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.thecrimson.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-05-25 |title=Ignoble Savages |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/ignoble-savages-john-j-miller/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}</ref>