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== References == === Notes === {{notelist|30em}} === Citations === {{Reflist|30em}} === Sources === {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last1=Abrams |first1=Jerold |editor1-last=Abrams |editor1-first=Jerold |title=The Philosophy of Stanley Kubrick |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-7256-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbJo2oiFFoUC&pg=PA6 |language=en |chapter=Introduciton |date=2007 |pages=1–8 }} * {{cite web |last1=Aho |first1=Kevin |title=Existentialism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existentialism/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=13 May 2025 |date=2025 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Alvarez |first1=Maria |title=Radical Interpretation and Semantic Nihilism: Reply to Glock |journal=The Philosophical Quarterly |volume=44 |issue=176 |doi=10.2307/2219614 |date=1994 }} * {{cite web |author1=American Psychological Association |url=https://dictionary.apa.org/apathy |website=APA Dictionary of Psychology |language=en |date=2018 |publisher=American Psychological Association |title=Apathy}} * {{cite web |author1=American Psychological Association |url=https://dictionary.apa.org/existential-crisis |website=APA Dictionary of Psychology |title=Existential Crisis |language=en |date=2023 |publisher=American Psychological Association}} * {{cite web |last1=Arnold |first1=Dan |title=Madhyamaka Buddhist Philosophy |url=https://iep.utm.edu/madhyamaka-buddhist-philosophy/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=1 March 2025}} * {{cite web |last1=Baghramian |first1=Maria |last2=Carter |first2=J. Adam |title=Relativism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/relativism/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=21 February 2025 |date=2025 }} * {{cite book |last1=Bewes |first1=Timothy |title=Cynicism and Postmodernity |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1-85984-196-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iR3C_y0kYCgC&pg=PA1 |language=en |date=1997 }} * {{cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1=Simon |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-954143-0 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095630484 |language=en |chapter=Conceptual Scheme |date=2008 }} * {{cite book |last1=Braak |first1=André van der |title=Nietzsche and Zen: Self-Overcoming Without a Self |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-0-7391-6550-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVFuqMvr7D4C&pg=PA38 |language=en |date=2011 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Brenner |first1=Andrew |title=Mereological Nihilism and Theoretical Unification |journal=Analytic Philosophy |volume=56 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/phib.12072 |date=2015 |pages=318–337 }} * {{cite book |last1=Buchanan |first1=Allen |title=Justice, Legitimacy, and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-829535-8 |date=2003 |doi=10.1093/0198295359.001.0001}} * {{cite book |last1=Bunnin |first1=Nicholas |last2=Yu |first2=Jiyuan |title=The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-9112-8 |language=en |date=2009 }} * {{cite web |last1=Burnham |first1=Douglas |last2=Papandreopoulos |first2=George |title=Existentialism |url=https://iep.utm.edu/existent/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=13 May 2025}} * {{cite web |last1=Cadell |first1=Cate |title=China launches hotline for netizens to report 'illegal' history comments |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-launches-hotline-netizens-report-illegal-history-comments-2021-04-11/ |website=Reuters |publisher=Reuters |access-date=25 February 2025 |date=2021 }} * {{cite book |last1=Carlisle |first1=Clare |title=Kierkegaard: A Guide for the Perplexed |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-8610-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lxQLlAM_vrkC&pg=PA21 |language=en |date=2006 }} * {{cite book |last1=Carr |first1=Karen L. |title=The Banalization of Nihilism: Twentieth-Century Responses to Meaninglessness |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-0834-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_i2VZYYYp-gC&pg=PA1 |language=en |date=1992 }} * {{cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=Thomas D. |title=A Belief in Humanity: The Untold Story of Conciliar Humanism: The Twentieth-Century Retrieval of Sapiential Consciousness |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=979-8-3852-0738-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FG4iEQAAQBAJ&pg=PT144 |language=en |date=2024 }} * {{cite book |last1=Coady |first1=C. A. J. |chapter=Relativism, Epistemic |editor1-last=Honderich |editor1-first=Ted |title=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-926479-7 |page=800 }} * {{cite web |last1=Coggins |first1=Geraldine |title=Nihilism, metaphysical |url=https://uat-rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/nihilism-metaphysical/v-1/sections/the-subtraction-argument |website=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-N119-1 |date=2005 }} * {{cite book |last1=Coggins |first1=Geraldine |title=Could there have been Nothing?: Against Metaphysical Nihilism |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-29524-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBh_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en |date=2010 }} * {{cite web |last1=Comesaña |first1=Juan |last2=Klein |first2=Peter |title=Skepticism |author2-link=Peter D. Klein |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=31 July 2024 |date=2024 |archive-date=23 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823021826/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Cornell |first1=David |title=Mereological Nihilism and the Problem of Emergence |journal=American Philosophical Quarterly |volume=54 |issue=1 |doi=10.2307/44982125 |date=2017 |pages=77–87 }} * {{cite book |last1=Cotnoir |first1=Aaron J. |editor1-last=Wyatt |editor1-first=Jeremy |editor2-last=Pedersen |editor2-first=Nikolaj J. L. L. |editor3-last=Kellen |editor3-first=Nathan |title=Pluralisms in Truth and Logic |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-98346-2 |language=en |chapter=Logical Nihilism |date=2018 |pages=301–330 }} * {{cite book |last1=Cowan |first1=Steven B. |editor1-last=Cowan |editor1-first=Steven B. |title=Problems in Value Theory: An Introduction to Contemporary Debates |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-14741-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2jDDwAAQBAJ |language=en |date=2020 |chapter=Introduction to Part One |pages=17–27}} * {{cite book |last1=Crosby |first1=Donald A. |title=The Specter of the Absurd: Sources and Criticisms of Modern Nihilism |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-88706-719-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9VnPgFiW0CIC&pg=PA1 |language=en |date=1988 }} * {{cite book |last1=Crosby |first1=Donald A. |chapter=Nihilism |chapter-url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/nihilism/v-1 |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-N037-1 |date=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-25069-6 }} * {{cite book |last1=Crowe |first1=Benjamin |editor1-last=Clarke |editor1-first=James A. |editor2-last=Gottlieb |editor2-first=Gabriel |title=Practical Philosophy from Kant to Hegel: Freedom, Right, and Revolution |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-49772-5 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/practical-philosophy-from-kant-to-hegel/jacobi-on-revolution-and-practical-nihilism/F33F3A9BB9C4AEC3476D40CC461F557B |chapter=9. Jacobi on Revolution and Practical Nihilism |date=2021 |pages=157–173}} * {{cite book |last1=Cuneo |first1=Terence |title=The Normative Web: An Argument for Moral Realism |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-921883-7 |language=en |date=2007 }} * {{cite book |last1=Cutler |first1=Ian |title=Cynicism from Diogenes to Dilbert |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0489-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LdAdBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |language=en |date=2014 }} * {{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=John K. |title=Review of ''Epistemic Relativism: A Constructive Critique'' |url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/epistemic-relativism-a-constructive-critique/ |website=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |publisher=University of Notre Dame |access-date=21 February 2025 |date=2014 }} * {{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=William E. |last2=Hicks |first2=Joshua A. |editor1-last=Hicks |editor1-first=Joshua A. |editor2-last=Routledge |editor2-first=Clay |title=The Experience of Meaning in Life: Classical Perspectives, Emerging Themes, and Controversies |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-007-6527-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcxEAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 |language=en |chapter=13. Judgments of Meaning in Life Following an Existential Crisis |date=2013 |pages=163–176 }} * {{cite web |last1=DeLapp |first1=Kevin M. |title=Metaethics |url=https://iep.utm.edu/metaethi/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=19 December 2023 |archive-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123102700/https://iep.utm.edu/metaethi/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Devanesan |first1=Arjun |title=Medical Nihilism: The Limits of a Decontextualised Critique of Medicine |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences |volume=79 |doi=10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101189 |date=2020 }} * {{cite book |last1=Diken |first1=Bulent |title=Nihilism |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-05582-1 |language=en |date=2008 }} * {{cite book |last1=Dowdall |first1=Tim |title=Max Stirner and Nihilism: Between Two Nothings |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-64014-170-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXL6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29 |language=en |date=2024 }} * {{cite book |last1=Dreier |first1=James |chapter=Moral Relativism and Moral Nihilism |date=2007 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325911.003.0010 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory |editor-last1=Copp |editor-first1=David |isbn=978-0-19-989207-5 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=240–264 }} * {{cite book |last1=FitzPatrick |first1=William J. |editor1-last=Brady |editor1-first=Michael |title=New Waves in Metaethics |date=2011 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-29489-9 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230294899_2 |language=en |chapter=Ethical Non-Naturalism and Normative Properties |pages=7–35 |doi=10.1057/9780230294899_2 |access-date=December 22, 2023 }} * {{cite book |last1=Fletcher |first1=Robert |last2=Romero |first2=Paola |last3=Talbot |first3=Marianne |last4=Warburton |first4=Nigel |last5=Whiston |first5=Amna |author4-link=Nigel Warburton |title=Philosophy: A Visual Encyclopedia |publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited |isbn=978-0-241-50422-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drX4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 |language=en |date=2020 }} * {{cite book |last1=Fountoulakis |first1=Konstantinos N. |title=Psychiatry: From Its Historical and Philosophical Roots to the Modern Face |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-86541-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGtREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |language=en |date=2021 |access-date=19 July 2024 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Frazier |first1=Jessica Michelle |title=Philosophies of being in India I: Pluralism, nihilism, and monism |journal=Philosophy Compass |volume=19 |issue=11 |doi=10.1111/phc3.70004 |date=2024 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |last1=Gaughran |first1=Richard |editor1-last=Conard |editor1-first=Mark T. |title=The Philosophy of the Coen Brothers |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-2526-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OV50oVxKyoC&pg=PA231 |language=en |chapter='What Kind of Man Are You?' The Coen Brothers and Existentialist Role Playing |date=2009 |pages=227–242}} * {{cite book |last1=Gemes |first1=Ken |last2=Sykes |first2=Chris |editor1-last=Kaldis |editor1-first=Byron |title=Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-1-4129-8689-2 |doi=10.4135/9781452276052.n254 |chapter=Nihilism |date=2013 |pages=671–674 }} * {{cite book |last1=Gertz |first1=Nolen |title=Nihilism |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-53717-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU6qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en |date=2019 }} * {{cite book |last1=Gillespie |first1=Michael Allen |title=Nihilism Before Nietzsche |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-29348-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4Itb0Zc2hUC&pg=PA179 |language=en |date=1996 }} * {{cite book |last1=Gloy |first1=Karen |title=Zwischen Glück und Tragik |publisher=Brill Fink |isbn=978-3-8467-5645-4 |url=https://brill.com/display/title/51616 |language=de |chapter=VI. Nihilismus – Pessimismus |date=2013 }} * {{cite book |last1=Gómez |first1=Luis O. |chapter=Pain and the Suffering Consciousness: The Alleviation of Suffering in Buddhist Discourse |editor-last1=Coakley |editor-first1=Sarah |editor-last2=Shelemay |editor-first2=Kay Kaufman |title=Pain and Its Transformations: The Interface of Biology and Culture |date=2007 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-02456-4 |language=en }} * {{cite journal |last1=Gordon |first1=Jeffrey |title=Nagel or Camus on the Absurd? |journal=Philosophy and Phenomenological Research |volume=45 |issue=1 |doi=10.2307/2107324 |date=1984 |pages=15–28}} * {{cite web |last1=Gratton |first1=Peter |title=Jean François Lyotard |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lyotard/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=1 March 2025 |date=2018 }} * {{cite book |last1=Groothuis |first1=Douglas |editor1-last=Cowan |editor1-first=Steven B. |title=Problems in Value Theory: An Introduction to Contemporary Debates |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-14741-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2jDDwAAQBAJ |language=en |date=2020 |chapter=The Meaning of Life Is Found in God |pages=160–170}} * {{cite web |author1=HarperCollins |title=Nihilism |url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=nihilism |website=American Heritage Dictionary |date=2022 }} * {{cite web |last1=Harris |first1=Matthew Edward |title=Vattimo, Gianni |url=https://iep.utm.edu/vattimo/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=2 March 2025}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hautamäki |first1=Antti |title=Disagreement, Points of View, and Truth-Relativism |journal=Acta Analytica |volume=37 |issue=4 |doi=10.1007/s12136-021-00504-x |date=2022 }} * {{cite web |last1=Hetherington |first1=Stephen |title=Knowledge |url=https://iep.utm.edu/knowledg/ |website=[[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602105750/https://iep.utm.edu/knowledg/ |url-status=live |ref=Hetherington, "''Knowledge''" }} * {{cite web |last1=Hetherington |first1=Stephen |title=Fallibilism |url=https://iep.utm.edu/fallibil/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=31 July 2024 |ref=Hetherington, "''Fallibilism''" |archive-date=18 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818125146/https://iep.utm.edu/fallibil/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Hoad |first1=T. F. |title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-283098-8 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Holbrook |first1=David |title=A Philosopher for Today?: Max Stirner's Egoistical Nihilism |journal=New Blackfriars |volume=58 |issue=687 |doi=10.1111/j.1741-2005.1977.tb02360.x |date=1977 |pages=382–390}} * {{cite book |last1=Hookway |first1=C. J. |chapter=Scepticism |editor1-last=Honderich |editor1-first=Ted |title=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-926479-7 |pages=838–840 }} * {{cite book |last1=Hopkins |first1=David |title=Dada and Surrealism: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-157769-7 |language=en |date=2004 }} * {{cite book |last1=Huemer |first1=Michael |title=Skepticism and the Veil of Perception |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-1253-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ccmNDGIiJ3IC&pg=PA27 |language=en |date=2001 }} * {{cite book |last1=Iannone |first1=A. Pablo |title=Dictionary of World Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-68043-6 |language=en |date=2013 }} * {{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Devon R. |editor1-last=Aho |editor1-first=Kevin |editor2-last=Altman |editor2-first=Megan |editor3-last=Pedersen |editor3-first=Hans |title=The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Existentialism |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-00629-0 |language=en |chapter=Black Nihilism |date=2024 |pages=289–301}} * {{cite book |last1=Joyce |first1=Richard |title=The International Encyclopedia of Ethics |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-4051-8641-4 |edition=1 |doi=10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee055 |language=en |chapter=Nihilism |date=2013 }} * {{cite book |last1=Kavadlo |first1=Jesse |chapter=The Fiction of Self-Destruction |editor-last1=Schuchardt |editor-first1=Read Mercer |title=You Do Not Talk About Fight Club: I Am Jack's Completely Unauthorized Essay Collection |publisher=BenBella Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-941631-61-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXwvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 |language=en |date=2015 |pages=13–34 }} * {{cite book |last=Klein |first=Peter D. |date=1998 |chapter=Knowledge, Concept of |editor1-last=Craig |editor1-first=Edward |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |chapter-url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/knowledge-concept-of/v-1 |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-P031-1 |isbn=978-0-415-25069-6 |oclc=38096851 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613025031/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/knowledge-concept-of/v-1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Peter D. |editor1-last=Greco |editor1-first=John |title=The Oxford Handbook of Skepticism |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-990985-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ETRCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA484 |language=en |chapter=Contemporary Responses to Agrippa's Trilemma |date=2011 |pages=484–503 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Krellenstein |first1=Marc |title=Moral Nihilism and Its Implications |journal=The Journal of Mind and Behavior |date=2017 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=75–90 |jstor=44631529 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44631529 |issn=0271-0137 |access-date=December 22, 2023 |archive-date=December 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220094748/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44631529 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Kyriacou |first1=Christos |last2=Wallbridge |first2=Kevin |editor1-last=Kyriacou |editor1-first=Christos |editor2-last=Wallbridge |editor2-first=Kevin |title=Skeptical Invariantism Reconsidered |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-40518-7 |language=en |date=2021 }} * {{cite web |last1=Lippitt |first1=John |last2=Evans |first2=C. Stephen |title=Søren Kierkegaard |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kierkegaard/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=2 March 2025 |date=2024 }} * {{cite web |last1=Livieri |first1=Paolo |last2=di Giovanni |first2=George |title=Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/friedrich-jacobi/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=28 February 2025 |date=2023 }} * {{cite book |last1=Lovell |first1=Stephen |chapter=Nihilism, Russian |chapter-url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/nihilism-russian/v-1 |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-E072-1 |date=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-25069-6 }} * {{cite web |last1=Lutz |first1=Matthew |title=Moral Naturalism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism-moral/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=2023 |archive-date=October 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002234858/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism-moral/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Manschreck |first1=Clyde L. |title=Nihilism in the Twentieth Century: A View from Here |journal=Church History |volume=45 |issue=1 |doi=10.2307/3164567 |date=1976 |pages=85–96}} * {{cite book |last1=Marples |first1=D. |title=Belarus: From Soviet Rule to Nuclear Catastrophe |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-37831-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evVZCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25 |language=en |date=1996 }} * {{cite web |last1=McCain |first1=Kevin |title=Problem of the Criterion |url=https://iep.utm.edu/problem-of-the-criterion/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=21 February 2025}} * {{cite web |last1=Metz |first1=Thaddeus |title=The Meaning of Life |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/life-meaning/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=12 February 2025 |date=2023 }} * {{cite book |last1=Morrison |first1=Robert G. |title=Nietzsche and Buddhism: A Study in Nihilism and Ironic Affinities |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-823556-9 |date=2002 }} * {{cite book |last1=Moruzzi |first1=Sebastiano |editor1-last=García-Carpintero |editor1-first=Manuel |editor2-last=Kölbel |editor2-first=Max |title=Relative Truth |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=978-0-19-923495-0 |edition=1 |language=en |chapter=Assertion, Belief and Disagreement: A Problem for Truth-Relativism |date=2008 |url=https://philarchive.org/archive/MORABA}} * {{cite book |last1=Mulligan |first1=Kevin |editor1-last=Poidevin |editor1-first=Robin Le |editor2-last=Peter |editor2-first=Simons |editor3-last=Andrew |editor3-first=McGonigal |editor4-last=Cameron |editor4-first=Ross P. |title=The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-15586-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt99AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |language=en |chapter=38. Values |date=2009 |pages=401–412}} * {{cite book |last1=Nairn |first1=Tom |title=The Enchanted Glass: Britain and Its Monarchy |publisher=Verso Books |isbn=978-1-84467-775-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQDfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA380 |language=en |date=2011 }} * {{cite book |last1=Oddie |first1=Graham |title=The International Encyclopedia of Ethics |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-4051-8641-4 |edition=1 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee588 |language=en |chapter=Value Realism |doi=10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee588 |date=2013 }} * {{cite dictionary |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/nihilism_n?tab=factsheet |dictionary=Oxford English Dictionary |date=2025 |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=3 |title=Nihilism, n. |author=OED staff }} * {{cite book |last1=Olson |first1=Carl |title=Zen and the Art of Postmodern Philosophy: Two Paths of Liberation from the Representational Mode of Thinking |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-4653-9 |language=en |date=2000 }} * {{cite book |last1=Olson |first1=Robert G. |editor1-last=Borchert |editor1-first=Donald M. |title=Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-02-865783-7 |edition=2 |volume=6 |date=2006 |chapter=Nihilism |pages=617–620 }} * {{cite book |last1=Peng |first1=Lü |title=A History of China in the 20th Century |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-99-0734-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gRLREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1597 |language=en |date=2023 }} * {{cite web |last1=Pratt |first1=Alan |title=Nihilism |url=https://iep.utm.edu/nihilism/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=7 February 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Reed |first1=Baron |editor1-last=Matthen |editor1-first=Mohan |title=The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Perception |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-960047-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=geSrCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA75 |language=en |chapter=Skepticism and Perception |date=2015 |access-date=3 August 2024 |pages=66–80 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Rettler |first1=Bradley |title=Mereological Nihilism and Puzzles about Material Objects |journal=Pacific Philosophical Quarterly |volume=99 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/papq.12220 |date=2018 |pages=842–868 }} * {{cite web |last1=Ridge |first1=Michael |title=Moral Non-Naturalism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-non-naturalism/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=20 December 2023 |date=2019 }} * {{cite book |last1=Sapio |first1=Flora |title=Sovereign Power and the Law in China: Zones of Exception in the Criminal Justice System |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-18768-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-955DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |language=en |date=2010 }} * {{cite web |last1=Sayre-McCord |first1=Geoff |title=Moral Realism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-realism/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=10 February 2025 |date=2023 }} * {{cite book |last1=Schulz |first1=Heiko |title=Band 2 Studien zur Philosophie und Theologie Søren Kierkegaards |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-026710-5 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110267105.130/html?lang=en |language=de |chapter=5. Aesthetic Nihilism. The Dialectic of Repetition and Non-Repetition in Nietzsche and Kierkegaard |date=2014 |pages=130–145}} * {{cite web |last1=Seachris |first1=Joshua |title=The Meaning of Life: Contemporary Analytic Perspectives |url=https://iep.utm.edu/mean-ana/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=12 February 2025}} * {{cite book |last1=Sinnott-Armstrong |first1=Walter |title=Moral Skepticism |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-534206-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5pzCOHmcDocC&pg=PA59 |language=en |date=2007 }} * {{cite book |last1=Slocombe |first1=William |title=Nihilism and the Sublime Postmodern |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-48935-9 |language=en |date=2006}} * {{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Steven C. |title=A Heart at Fire's Center: The Life and Music of Bernard Herrmann |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-92723-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-1mUcGRpt0EC&pg=PA350 |language=en |date=2002 }} * {{cite book |last1=Sommers-Flanagan |first1=John |last2=Sommers-Flanagan |first2=Rita |title=Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-28904-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMclh6zR3LEC&pg=PA131 |language=en |date=2012 }} * {{cite book |last1=Stegenga |first1=Jacob |title=Medical Nihilism |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-874704-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tT5MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en |date=2018 }} * {{cite book |last1=Stepenberg |first1=Maia |title=Against Nihilism: Nietzsche meets Dostoevsky |publisher=Black Rose Books |isbn=978-1-55164-678-7 |language=en |date=2019 }} * {{cite web |last1=Steup |first1=Matthias |last2=Neta |first2=Ram |title=Epistemology |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=12 July 2024 |date=2024 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721023728/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Stewart |first1=Jon |title=A History of Nihilism in the Nineteenth Century: Confrontations with Nothingness |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-26674-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oImzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18 |language=en |date=2023 }} * {{cite book |last1=Stoehr |first1=Kevin L. |title=Nihilism in Film and Television: A Critical Overview from Citizen Kane to The Sopranos |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-1133-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OYyBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67 |date=2015 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Tallant |first1=Jonathan |title=Against mereological nihilism |journal=Synthese |volume=191 |issue=7 |doi=10.1007/s11229-013-0343-8 |date=2014 |pages=1511–1527 }} * {{cite book |last1=Tartaglia |first1=James |title=Philosophy in a Meaningless Life: A System of Nihilism, Consciousness and Reality |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4742-4768-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acazCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en |date=2015 }} * {{cite book |last1=Tartaglia |first1=James |chapter=Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature |pages=81–99 |editor-last1=Malachowski |editor-first1=Alan |title=A Companion to Rorty |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-97218-2 |language=en |date=2020 }} * {{cite book |last1=Tartaglia |first1=James |last2=Llanera |first2=Tracy |title=A Defence of Nihilism |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-29738-6 |language=en |date=2020 }} * {{cite journal |last1=ter Borg |first1=Meerten B. |title=The Problem of Nihilism: A Sociological Approach |journal=Sociological Analysis |volume=49 |issue=1 |doi=10.2307/3711099 |date=1988 |pages=1–16}} * {{cite journal |last1=Toribio Vazquez |first1=Juan Luis |title=Nietzsche’s shadow: On the origin and development of the term nihilism |journal=Philosophy & Social Criticism |volume=47 |issue=10 |doi=10.1177/0191453720975454 |date=2021 |pages=1199–1212 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Jason |editor1-last=Bennett |editor1-first=Karen |editor2-last=Zimmerman |editor2-first=Dean W. |title=Oxford Studies in Metaphysics |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-960303-9 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603039.003.0001 |chapter=1. Ontological Nihilism |date=2011 |pages=3–54 }} * {{cite book |last1=Vattimo |first1=Gianni |editor1-last=Darby |editor1-first=Tom |editor2-last=Egyed |editor2-first=Béla |editor3-last=Jones |editor3-first=Ben |title=Nietzsche and the Rhetoric of Nihilism: Essays on Interpretation, Language and Politics |publisher=Carleton University Press |isbn=978-0-88629-093-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-1YV3x6yakC&pg=PA15 |language=en |chapter=Nihilism: Reactive and Active |date=1989 |pages=15–22 }} * {{cite web |last1=Walicki |first1=Andrzej |title=Russian philosophy of law |url=https://uat-rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/russian-philosophy-of-law/v-1/sections/the-revival-of-natural-law-and-the-legal-philosophers-of-the-silver-age |website=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |access-date=24 February 2025 |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-E083-1 |date=2002 }} * {{cite book |last1=Warder |first1=Anthony Kennedy |author-link=Anthony Kennedy Warder |title=A Course in Indian Philosophy |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-208-1482-0 |edition=2 |date=1998 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Warren |first1=Calvin L. |title=Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope |journal=CR: The New Centennial Review |volume=15 |issue=1 |doi=10.14321/crnewcentrevi.15.1.0215 |date=2015 |pages=215–248}} * {{cite journal |last1=Weller |first1=Shane |title="Gnawing to Be Naught": Beckett and Pre-Socratic Nihilism |journal=Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui |volume=20 |issue=1 |doi=10.1163/18757405-020001026 |date=2008 |pages=321–333 }} * {{cite book |last1=Weller |first1=Shane |title=Modernism and Nihilism |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-29462-2 |language=en |date=2010 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Westerhoff |first1=Jan |title=On the Nihilist Interpretation of Madhyamaka |journal=Journal of Indian Philosophy |volume=44 |issue=2 |doi=10.1007/s10781-014-9266-z |date=2016 |pages=337–376 }} * {{cite web |last1=Windt |first1=Jennifer M. |title=Dreams and Dreaming |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dreams-dreaming/#CartDreaSkep |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=12 December 2023 |date=2021 |archive-date=1 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201125124/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dreams-dreaming/#CartDreaSkep |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last1=Woodward |first1=Ashley |title=Lyotard, Jean-François |url=https://iep.utm.edu/lyotard/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=1 March 2025}} * {{cite web |last1=Wrathall |first1=Mark |title=Martin Heidegger |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heidegger/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |date=2025 }} * {{cite book |last1=Yalom |first1=Irvin D. |title=Existential Psychotherapy |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-1-5416-4744-2 |language=en |date=2020 }} * {{cite book |last1=Yeo |first1=Colin |editor1-last=Dowell |editor1-first=John A. |editor2-last=Miller |editor2-first=Cynthia J. |title=Horrific Humor and the Moment of Droll Grimness in Cinema: Sidesplitting sLaughter |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-1-4985-6500-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6k7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA53 |language=en |chapter=Repulsions, Convulsions, and Compulsions: Horror, Humor, and Repetition in ''American Psycho'' and ''Fight Club'' |date=2017 |pages=43–58}} {{Refend}}
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