Editing Muhammad (section)

===Constitution of Medina===
{{main|Constitution of Medina}}
{{further|Diplomatic career of Muhammad}}
The [[Constitution of Medina]] was a [[covenant (law)|legal covenant]] written by Muhammad. In the constitution, Medina's Arab and Jewish tribes promised to live peacefully alongside the Muslims and to refrain from making a separate treaty with Mecca. It also guaranteed the Jews freedom of religion. In the agreement, everyone under its jurisdiction was required to defend and protect the oasis if attacked. Politically, the agreement helped Muhammad better understand which people were on his side.{{sfn|Armstrong|2013|p=15|loc=Chapter Four: Jihad}} [[Ibn Ishaq]], following his narration of the {{tlit|ar|Hijrah}}, maintains that Muhammad penned the text and divulges its assumed content without supplying any {{tlit|ar|[[Hadith studies|isnad]]}} or corroboration.{{sfn|Humphreys|1991|p=92}} The appellation is generally deemed imprecise, as the text neither established a state nor enacted Quranic statutes,{{sfn|Arjomand|2022|p=111}} but rather addressed tribal matters.{{sfn|Rubin|2022|p=8}} While scholars from both the West and the Muslim world agree on the text's authenticity, disagreements persist on whether it was a treaty or a unilateral proclamation by Muhammad, the number of documents it comprised, the primary parties, the specific timing of its creation (or that of its constituent parts), whether it was drafted before or after Muhammad's removal of the three leading Jewish tribes of Medina, and the proper approach to translating it.{{sfn|Humphreys|1991|p=92}}{{sfn|Watt|1956|p=227}}