Editing Modernism (section)

=== Pop art ===
[[File:Barcelona (3392396182).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Roy Lichtenstein]]'s sculpture ''[[El Cap de Barcelona]]'' recreates the appearance of [[Ben Day dots]].]]
{{Main|Pop art}}
In 1962, the [[Sidney Janis]] Gallery mounted ''The New Realists'', the first major [[pop art]] group exhibition in an uptown art gallery in New York City.<ref name="Janis 39–40">{{Citation |last=Janis |first=Sidney |title="On the Theme of the Exhibition" |date=1998-12-31 |work=Pop Art |pages=39–40 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520920477-017 |access-date=2024-10-08 |publisher=University of California Press |doi=10.1525/9780520920477-017 |isbn=978-0-520-92047-7}}</ref> Janis mounted the exhibition in a 57th Street storefront near his gallery. The show had a great impact on the [[New York School (art)|New York School]] as well as the greater worldwide art scene.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sidney Janis - The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/research-centers/leonard-a-lauder-research-center/research-resources/modern-art-index-project/janis |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> Earlier in England in 1958 the term "Pop Art" was used by [[Lawrence Alloway]] to describe paintings associated with the [[consumerism]] of the post World War II era.<ref name="Alloway 167–174">{{Citation |last=Alloway |first=Lawrence |title="Popular Culture and Pop Art" |date=1998-12-31 |work=Pop Art |pages=167–174 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520920477-042 |access-date=2024-10-08 |publisher=University of California Press |doi=10.1525/9780520920477-042 |isbn=978-0-520-92047-7}}</ref> This movement rejected Abstract Expressionism and its focus on the [[hermeneutic]] and psychological interior in favor of art that depicted material consumer culture, advertising, and the iconography of the mass production age.<ref name="University of California Press">{{Citation |title=Six. POP Goes the Art World: Departure from New York |date=2019-12-31 |work=Peter Selz |pages=97–117 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520949867-007 |access-date=2024-10-08 |publisher=University of California Press|doi=10.1525/9780520949867-007 |isbn=978-0-520-94986-7 }}</ref> The early works of [[David Hockney]] and the works of [[Richard Hamilton (artist)|Richard Hamilton]] and [[Eduardo Paolozzi]] (who created the ground-breaking ''[[I was a Rich Man's Plaything]]'', 1947<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pop Art |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/art-movements-pop-art |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513104215/https://www.sothebys.com/en/art-movements-pop-art |archive-date=13 May 2024 |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=Sothebys.com |language=en}}</ref>) are considered seminal examples in the movement.<ref name="Alloway 167–174"/> Meanwhile, in the downtown scene in New York's [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]] 10th Street galleries, artists were formulating an American version of pop art. [[Claes Oldenburg]] had his storefront, and the [[Green Gallery]] on 57th Street began to show the works of [[Tom Wesselmann]] and [[James Rosenquist]]. Later [[Leo Castelli]] exhibited the works of other American artists, including those of [[Andy Warhol]] and [[Roy Lichtenstein]] for most of their careers.<ref name="Janis 39–40"/> There is a connection between the radical works of [[Marcel Duchamp]] and [[Man Ray]], the rebellious [[Dada]]ists with a sense of humor, and pop artists like [[Claes Oldenburg]], [[Andy Warhol]], and [[Roy Lichtenstein]], whose paintings reproduce the look of [[Ben-Day dots]], a technique used in commercial reproduction.<ref name="University of California Press"/>