Editing Mixed-member proportional representation (section)

=== Split ticket voting ===
In other cases, a party may be so certain of winning a large number of constituency seats that it expects no extra seats in the proportional top-up (list seats). Some voters may therefore seek to achieve double representation by voting tactically for another party in the regional vote, as a vote for their preferred party in the regional vote would be wasted. This tactic is much less effective in MMP models with a relatively large share of list seats (50% in most [[States of Germany|German states]], and 40% in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]]) and/or ones which add "[[Leveling seat|balancing seats]]", leading to fewer opportunities for overhangs and maintaining full proportionality, even when a party wins too many constituency seats.

==== Solutions ====
The problem of ticket splitting strategies can be solved either by eliminating at least one of the two mechanisms that create the opportunity for abuse: 

# Either the double vote can be abolished, returning to a [[mixed single vote]] (the original version of MMP used in Germany), in which case voters cannot split their ticket, even if it is a sincere preference. 
# Another solution is to eliminate the seat linkage mechanism and use a vote linkage one instead, in which case most likely more compensatory seats would be needed.<ref name="Golosov 2013 p." /> A negative vote transfer based system (scorporo) retains the flaw that decoy lists can be used to abuse it, but if the two votes were tied in a [[mixed ballot transferable vote]], the potential this kind of strategic manipulation would be eliminated. However, in this a case party proportionality is not likely and overall equality of votes would depend largely on the specifics of the system (the amount of compensation).
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |Compensatory mixed systems
|-
!
!single vote systems (MSV)
!dual vote systems
|-
! rowspan="4" |Seat linkage
| rowspan="4" |'''[[Mixed single vote#Proportional systems|mixed single vote, top-up versions]]'''
* '''single vote MMP (Lesotho)'''
|'''mixed-member proportional representation (MMP)'''
|-
|'''[[additional member system]] (AMS)'''
|-
|[[alternative vote plus]] (AV+)
|-
|Hybrids: e.g. parallel voting+AMS (South Korea)
|-
! rowspan="3" |Vote linkage
|[[Mixed single vote|positive vote transfer]] (PVT/MSV)

* Hungarian (local elections)
|Hybrids:

* Parallel voting+PVT (Hungary)
* [[Scorporo|negative vote transfer/scorporo]] (Italy, 1993–2005)
|-
| colspan="2" |Others systems:
|-
|[[Dual-member proportional representation|dual-member proportional]] (DMP)
|[[mixed ballot transferable vote]] (MBTV)
|}