Editing Military science (section)

===Reserve forces===
[[Military reserve force|Reserve forces]] are service members who serve the armed forces on a part-time basis. These men and women constitute a "reserve" force that countries rely on for their defense, disaster support, and some day-to-day operations etc. In the United States an active reservist spends a weekend a month and two weeks a year in training. The size of a county's reserve force often depends on the type of recruitment method. Nations with a volunteer force tend to have a lower reserve percentage.<ref name="doi.org">{{Citation |last1=Griffith |first1=James |title=Reservists and Veterans: Viewed from Within and Without |date=2020 |work=Handbook of Military Sciences |pages=1–26 |editor-last=Sookermany |editor-first=Anders |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_34-1 |isbn=978-3-030-02866-4 |last2=Connelly |first2=Vince |last3=Catignani |first3=Sergio |last4=Johansson |first4=Eva|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Recently the role of the reserves has changed. In many countries it has gone from a strategic force, largely static, to an operational force, largely dynamic.<ref name="doi.org"/> After WWII, relatively large standing forces took care of most operational needs. Reserves were held back strategically and deployed in times of emergency for example during the Cuban missile crisis.<ref>Drew, N. S. (1999). NSC-68: Forging the strategy of containment. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, NSC-20/4, Sec. 21 (a), 31.</ref> Subsequently, the strategic and budget situation changed and as a result the active duty military began to rely on reserve force, particularly for combat support and combat service support.<ref>Carafano, J. J. (2005). Total Force and the Abrams doctrine: Unfulfilled promise, uncertain future. Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute.</ref> Further large-scale military operation, routinely mobilize and deploy reservists <ref>Whitlock, J. E. (2006). How to make army force generation work for the Army Reserve component. Carlisle Barracks: Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College</ref>

Lomsky-Feder et al (2008p. 594) introduced the metaphor of reserve forces as ''transmigrants'' who live "betwixt and between the civilian and military worlds".<ref>Lomsky-Feder, E., Gazit, N., & Ben-Ari, E. (2008). Reserve soldiers as transmigrants: Moving between the civilian and military worlds. ''Armed Forces & Society'', 34(4), p. 594.</ref> This metaphor captures "their structural duality" and suggests dynamic nature of reservist experience as they navigate commitments to their often conflicting civilian and military worlds.<ref>Lomsky-Feder, E., Gazit, N., & Ben-Ari, E. (2008). Reserve soldiers as transmigrants: Moving between the civilian and military worlds. ''Armed Forces & Society'', 34(4), 593–614.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gazit |first1=Nir |last2=Lomsky-Feder |first2=Edna |last3=Ari |first3=Eyal Ben |date= 2021|title=Military Covenants and Contracts in Motion: Reservists as Transmigrants 10 Years Later |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0095327X20924034 |journal=Armed Forces & Society |language=en |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=616–634 |doi=10.1177/0095327X20924034 |issn=0095-327X}}</ref> Given their greater likelihood of lengthy deployment, reservists face many of the same stresses as active duty but often with fewer support services.<ref>Griffith, J. (2019). Family readiness groups: Helping deployed Army National Guard soldiers and their families. ''Journal of Community Psychology'', 48(3), 804–817.</ref>