Editing Midwestern United States (section)

==== Native American wars ====
{{Main|American Indian Wars}}

In 1791, General [[Arthur St. Clair]] became commander of the [[United States Army]] and led a [[punitive expedition]] with two Regular Army regiments and some militia. Near modern-day [[Fort Recovery]], his force advanced to the location of Native American settlements near the headwaters of the [[Wabash River]], but on November 4 they were routed in battle by a tribal confederation led by [[Miami tribe|Miami]] Chief [[Little Turtle]] and Shawnee chief [[Blue Jacket]]. More than 600 soldiers and scores of women and children were killed in the battle, which has since borne the name "[[St. Clair's Defeat]]". It remains the greatest defeat of a U.S. Army by Native Americans.<ref>Leroy V. Eid, "American Indian Military Leadership: St. Clair's 1791 Defeat". ''Journal of Military History'' (1993) 57#1 pp. 71-88.</ref><ref>William O. Odo, "Destined for Defeat: an Analysis of the St. Clair Expedition of 1791". ''Northwest Ohio Quarterly'' (1993) 65#2 pp. 68-93.</ref><ref>John F. Winkler, ''Wabash 1791: St Clair's Defeat'' (Osprey Publishing, 2011)</ref>

The British demanded the establishment of a [[Indian barrier state|Native American barrier state]] at the [[Treaty of Ghent]] which ended the [[War of 1812]], but American negotiators rejected the idea because Britain had lost control of the region in the [[Battle of Lake Erie]] and the [[Battle of the Thames]] in 1813, where [[Tecumseh]] was killed by U.S. forces. The British then abandoned their Native American allies south of the lakes. The Native Americans ended being the main losers in the [[War of 1812]]. Apart from the short [[Black Hawk War]] of 1832, the days of Native American warfare east of the Mississippi River had ended.<ref>{{cite book|first=Blue|last=Clark|title=Indian Tribes of Oklahoma: A Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-REv0Se_aR8C&pg=PA317|year=2012|publisher=U of Oklahoma Press|page=317|isbn=9780806184616}}</ref>