Editing Miami Beach, Florida (section)

=== Historic preservation ===
[[File:City of Miami Beach, Florida - Historic Districts and Sites as of January 17, 2018 (cropped).jpg |thumb|upright|Map of Miami Beach historic districts as of January 17, 2018.]]
By the 1970s, jet travel had enabled vacationers from the northern parts of the US to travel to the Caribbean and other warm-weather climates in the winter. Miami Beach's economy suffered. Elderly retirees, many with little money, dominated the population of South Beach.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=A Martyr's Passion Helped Save Modern Deco Treasurers |last=Tasker |first=Fred |date=1999-07-11 |work=The Miami Herald |page=91}}</ref>

To help revive the area, city planners and developers sought to bulldoze many of the aging [[Art Deco in the United States|art deco]] buildings that were built in the 1930s. By one count, the city had over 800 art deco buildings within its borders.<ref name=":1" />

In 1976, [[Barbara Baer Capitman]] and a group of fellow activists formed the Miami Design Preservation League (MDPL) to try to halt the destruction of the historic buildings in South Beach.<ref name=":1" /> After battling local developers and Washington DC bureaucrats, MDPL prevailed in its quest to have the Miami Beach Art Deco District named to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1979. While the recognition did not offer protection for the buildings from demolition, it succeeded in drawing attention to the plight of the buildings.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Art Deco District Pays The Price of Success |last=Lorente |first=Rafael |date=1994-05-12 |work=The Miami Herald |page=1–Neighbors Miami Beach}}</ref>

Due in part to the newfound awareness of the art deco buildings, vacationers, tourists and TV, and movie crews were drawn to South Beach. Investors began to rehabilitate hotels, restaurants and apartment buildings in the area.<ref>{{Cite news |title=South Beach's Art Deco district celebrates 30 years since its rebirth |last=Viglucci |first=Andres |date=2009-05-15 |work=The Miami Herald |page=A1}}</ref>

Despite the enthusiasm for the historic buildings by many, there were no real protections for historic buildings. As wrecking crews threatened buildings, MDPL members protested by holding marches and candlelight vigils. In one case, protestors stood in front of a hotel blocking bulldozers as they approached a hotel.<ref>{{Cite news |title='First Lady of Art Deco" Barbara Capitman Dies |last=Dunlop |first=Beth |date=1990-03-30 |work=The Miami Herald |page=1A}}</ref>

[[File:Ocean drive day 2009j.JPG|thumb|Many [[Art Deco]] style hotels are located on [[Ocean Drive (South Beach)|Ocean Drive]]]]
After many years of effort, the Miami Beach city commission created the first two historic preservation districts in 1986. The districts covered Espanola Way and most of [[Ocean Drive (South Beach)|Ocean Drive]] and [[Collins Avenue]] in South Beach. The designation of the districts helped protect buildings from demolition and created standards for renovation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Beach OKs Deco Historic Districts |last=Wellisz |first=Christopher |date=1986-07-10 |work=The Miami Herald |page=2D}}</ref>

While some developers continued to focus on demolition, several investors like [[Tony Goldman]] and [[Ian Schrager]] bought art deco hotels and transformed them into world famous hot spots in the ‘80s and ‘90s. Among the celebrities that frequented Miami Beach were [[Madonna]], [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Cher]], [[Oprah Winfrey]] and [[Gianni Versace]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=In two decades, Miami Beach's southernmost square mile has become a big draw with art, cuisine, architecture and nightlife. |last=Martin |first=Lydia |date=2007-07-15 |work=The Miami Herald |page=A1}}</ref>

Additional historic districts were created in 1992. The new districts covered Lincoln Road, Collins Avenue between 16th and 22nd Streets and the area around the [[Bass Museum]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Beach Set To OK Expansion of Art Deco District |last=Kidwell |first=David |date=1992-10-21 |work=The Miami Herald |page=1B}}</ref> In 2005, the city began the process of protecting the mid-century buildings on Collins Avenue between 43rd to 53rd Streets including the [[Fontainebleau Miami Beach|Fontainebleau]] and [[Eden Roc Miami Beach Hotel|Eden Roc]] Hotels.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Board Votes For Historic District |last=Woods |first=Casey |date=2005-05-15 |work=The Miami Herald |page=3MB}}</ref> Several North Beach neighborhoods were designated as historic in 2018. A large collection of [[Miami Modern architecture|MiMo]] (Miami Modern) buildings can be found in the area.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article195249359.html |title=Miami Beach wants to recreate Art Deco's magic with Miami Modern in North Beach |last=Flechas |first=Joey |date=2018-01-17 |work=The Miami Herald |access-date=2018-10-23 |archive-date=October 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023202735/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article195249359.html |url-status=live }}</ref>