Editing Metro Manila (section)

===Natural hazards===
[[File:Pasig-marikina_river_drainagebasin.png|thumb|left|150px|Drainage map of the [[Pasig River|Pasig]]-[[Marikina River]] system]]
[[File:ManggahanFloodwayOndoy.jpg|thumb|Flooding brought by [[Typhoon Ketsana]] (Tropical Storm Ondoy) in 2009 caused 484 deaths in Metro Manila alone.]]

Metro Manila is exposed to multiple natural hazards such as [[earthquake]]s, [[flood]]s, and [[typhoon]]s. It is surrounded by active [[Fault (geology)|faults]] including the [[Marikina Valley Fault System]]. Other distant faults such as the [[Philippine Fault System|Philippine Faults]], Lubang Faults, [[Manila Trench]] and Casiguran Faults, are a threat as well.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lila Ramos Shahani |date=May 11, 2015 |title=Living on a Fault Line: Manila in a 7.2 Earthquake |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |url=http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/05/11/1453392/living-fault-line-manila-7.2-earthquake |url-status=dead |access-date=May 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090248/http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/05/11/1453392/living-fault-line-manila-7.2-earthquake |archive-date=May 18, 2015}}</ref> Flooding is recurrent every year especially in low-lying areas of [[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Valenzuela]], [[Malabon]], [[Caloocan]], [[Navotas]], [[Manila]], [[Pasay]], [[Parañaque]], and [[Las Piñas]], where flood are generally linked with the [[tide|tidal movements]] in [[Manila Bay]]. Meanwhile, [[Marikina]], [[Pasig]], [[Taguig]], and [[Pateros]] are areas inland that are also prone to flooding. These areas are located along the Marikina Valley where there is poor soil drainage and a shallow [[water table]] due to being in proximity to Laguna Bay's shores. Flood risks are generally lower in cities along the Guadalupe Plateau, including [[Quezon City]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Makati]], [[Mandaluyong]] and [[Muntinlupa]], where volcanic rocks rise up to {{convert|40|to|70|m|sp=us}} above sea level.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pornasdoro |first1=Karlo |last2=Silva |first2=Liz |last3=Munárriz |first3=Maria Lourdes |last4=Estepa |first4=Beau |last5=Capaque |first5=Curtis |title=Flood Risk of Metro Manila Barangays: A GIS Based Risk Assessment Using Multi-Criteria Techniques |url=https://conference.surp.upd.edu.ph/downloads/JURP1/JURP_04_PORNASDORO_arial_lines_05a.pdf |journal=Journal in Urban and Regional Planning |volume=1 |issue=2014 |pages=51–72 |access-date=November 17, 2020 |archive-date=January 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107124213/https://conference.surp.upd.edu.ph/downloads/JURP1/JURP_04_PORNASDORO_arial_lines_05a.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Around five to seven typhoons hit Manila yearly. [[Manila]] was ranked as the second riskiest capital city after [[Tokyo]] to live in according to [[Swiss Re]].<ref name="SD:MVF">{{Cite news |last=Lozada |first=Bong |date=March 27, 2014 |title=Metro Manila is world's second riskiest capital to live in–poll |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/589526/manila-is-worlds-second-riskiest-city-to-live-in-poll |url-status=live |access-date=April 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307075903/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/589526/manila-is-worlds-second-riskiest-city-to-live-in-poll |archive-date=March 7, 2016}}</ref>