Editing Medieval music (section)

===Troubadours and trouvères===
{{main|Troubadour|Trouvère}}
{{see also|List of troubadours and trobairitz|List of trouvères}}
[[File:BnF ms. 854 fol. 191v - Garin d'Apchier (1).jpg|thumb|[[Garin d'Apchier]] in a medieval manuscript, 13th century]]

The music of the [[troubadour]]s and [[trouvère]]s was a [[vernacular]] tradition of monophonic secular song, probably accompanied by instruments, sung by professional, occasionally itinerant, musicians who were as skilled as poets as they were singers and instrumentalists. The language of the troubadours was [[Occitan language|Occitan]] (also known as the [[langue d'oc]], or Provençal); the language of the trouvères was Old French (also known as [[langue d'oïl]]). The period of the troubadours corresponded to the flowering of cultural life in [[Provence]] which lasted through the twelfth century and into the first decade of the thirteenth. Typical subjects of troubadour song were war, [[chivalry]] and [[courtly love]]—the love of an idealized woman from afar. The period of the troubadours wound down after the [[Albigensian Crusade]], the fierce campaign by [[Pope Innocent III]] to eliminate the [[Cathar]] heresy (and northern barons' desire to appropriate the wealth of the south). Surviving troubadours went either to [[Portugal]], Spain, northern Italy or northern France (where the trouvère tradition lived on), where their skills and techniques contributed to the later developments of secular musical culture in those places.<ref name=":0" />

The trouvères and troubadours shared similar musical styles, but the trouvères were generally noblemen.<ref name=":0" /> The music of the trouvères was similar to that of the troubadours, but was able to survive into the thirteenth century unaffected by the Albigensian Crusade. Most of the more than two thousand surviving trouvère songs include music, and show a sophistication as great as that of the poetry it accompanies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leach |first1=Elizabeth Eva |title=Do Trouvère Melodies Mean Anything? |journal=Music Analysis |date=2019 |volume=38 |issue=1–2 |pages=3–46 |doi=10.1111/musa.12121|s2cid=192598020 |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:78528577-d1fc-447c-9699-b65c73e84633 }}</ref>