Editing Mandolin (section)

===== Brescian mandolin or Cremonese mandolin =====
[[Brescia]]n mandolins (also known as Cremonese) that have survived in museums have four gut strings instead of six and a fixed bridge.<ref name=mandocafebrescian>{{cite web |url=http://www.mandolincafe.com/forum/showthread.php?74060-Plans-of-Brescian-mandolin |title=Thread: Plans of Brescian mandolin... |website=Mandolin Cafe |access-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sparks205"/> The mandolin was tuned in fifths, like the Neapolitan mandolin.<ref name=mandocafebrescian/> In his 1805 [[Method (music)#Mandolin or mandolin-banjo or banjolin|mandolin method]], ''Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi'', [[Bartolomeo Bortolazzi]] popularised the Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached.<ref name=Bortolazzi>{{cite book |last=Bortolazzi |first=Bartolomeo |date= 1805|title=Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oz5cAAAAcAAJ |language=de |location=Leipzig, Germany |publisher=Breitkopf and Härtell|page=1 }}</ref><ref name="Sparks205">{{harvnb|Sparks|2003|page=205}}</ref> Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire-strung mandolins were uncomfortable to play, when compared with the gut-string instruments.<ref name=Bortolazzi/> Also, he felt they had a "less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone" as compared to the gut string's "softer, full-singing tone."<ref name=Bortolazzi/>
He favored the four single strings of the Cremonese instrument, which were tuned the same as the Neapolitan.<ref name="Sparks205"/><ref name=Bortolazzi/>