Editing Mainz (section)

===Architecture===
The destruction caused by the [[Bombing of Mainz in World War II]] led to the most intense phase of building in the history of the town. During the last war in Germany, more than 30 air raids destroyed about 80 per cent of the city's centre, including most of the historic buildings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mainz Cathedral (Mainzer Dom) |url=http://sacred-destinations.com/germany/mainz-cathedral.htm |access-date=14 February 2009 |website=www.sacred-destinations.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214113133/http://sacred-destinations.com/germany/mainz-cathedral.htm |archive-date=14 February 2009}}</ref> The attack on the afternoon of 27 February 1945 remains the most destructive of all 33 bombings that Mainz has suffered in World War II in the collective memory of most of the population living then. The air raid caused most of the dead and made an already hard-hit city largely levelled.<ref>For an aerial view of the total destruction from the repeated US & RAF bombing raids on the city by photographer [[Margaret Bourke-White]], see {{Cite web |title=Bombing Of Mainz, Germany – Hosted by Google |url=https://images.google.com/hosted/life/a1fa68d50b8bc299.html |access-date=8 January 2023 |website=images.google.com |archive-date=8 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308155830/http://images.google.com/hosted/life/a1fa68d50b8bc299.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>For an aerial view of bomb-damaged theater, St. Quintins church, St. Johannis church and old university after an Allied air attack, see {{Cite web |title=LIFE – Hosted by Google |url=https://images.google.com/hosted/life/9efa86295e2009bb.html |access-date=8 January 2023 |website=images.google.com |archive-date=17 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517040041/http://images.google.com/hosted/life/9efa86295e2009bb.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.gstatic.com/hostedimg/50a4e3fc4a6f3db8_large Aerial view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809105524/http://www.gstatic.com/hostedimg/50a4e3fc4a6f3db8_large |date=9 August 2018 }} of Mainz-Neustadt and the port of Mainz for ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine</ref>
Nevertheless, the post-war reconstruction took place very slowly. While cities such as Frankfurt had been rebuilt fast by a central authority, only individual efforts were initially successful in rebuilding Mainz. The reason for this was that the French wanted Mainz to expand and become a model city. Mainz lay within the [[Allied-occupied Germany|French-controlled sector of Germany]] and it was a French architect and town-planner, [[Marcel Lods]], who produced a Le Corbusier-style plan of an ideal architecture.<ref>Eric Paul Mumford: ''[[Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne|CIAM]] Discourse on Urbanism 1928–1960'' p. 159</ref><ref>Jeffry M. Diefendorf: ''In the Wake of War: The Reconstruction of German Cities After World War 2'' p. 357</ref><ref>See the plan for the reconstruction of the German city of Mainz by Marcel Lods, 1947, in {{Cite book |last=Fingerhuth |first=Carl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xuE7lB92BIcC&q=Marcel%2520Lods%2C%2520Mainz&pg=PA59 |title=Learning from China: The Tao Of The City |date=2004 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-7643-6943-9 |language=en |page=59 |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164807/https://books.google.com/books?id=xuE7lB92BIcC&q=Marcel%20Lods,%20Mainz&pg=PA59 |url-status=live }}</ref> But the first interest of the inhabitants was the restoration of housing areas. Even after the failure of the model city plans it was the initiative of the French (founding of the Johannes Gutenberg [[University of Mainz]], elevation of Mainz to the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, the early resumption of the [[Mainz carnival]]) driving the city in a positive development after the war. The City Plan of 1958 by [[Ernst May]] allowed a regulated reconstruction for the first time. In 1950, the seat of the government of Rhineland-Palatinate had been transferred to the new Mainz and in 1963 the seat of the new ZDF, notable architects were Adolf Bayer, Richard Jörg and Egon Hartmann. At the time of the two-thousand-years-anniversary in 1962 the city was largely reconstructed. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Oberstadt had been extended, Münchfeld and Lerchenberg added as suburbs, the Altstadttangente ([[Automobile dependency|intersection of the old town]]), new neighbourhoods as Westring and Südring contributed to the extension. By 1970 there remained only a few ruins. The new town hall of Mainz had been designed by [[Arne Jacobsen]] and finished by [[Dissing+Weitling]].<ref name="BAUWELT-2022">{{cite web |title=Mainz – Das moderne Monument |website=BAUWELT |date=21 September 2022 |url=https://www.bauwelt.de/themen/bauten/Mainz-Das-moderne-Monument-2153247.html |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131131539/https://www.bauwelt.de/themen/bauten/Mainz-Das-moderne-Monument-2153247.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The town used Jacobsens activity for the Danish [[Novo Nordisk|Novo]] company<ref name="Informationsdienst Wissenschaft – Nachrichten-2008">{{cite web |title=Novo Nordisk feiert 50-jähriges Jubiläum in Deutschland – Dänisches Pharmaunternehmen ist nicht nur mit Insulinen erfolgreich |website=Informationsdienst Wissenschaft – Nachrichten |date=6 February 2008 |url=https://idw-online.de/de/news245871 |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131131958/https://idw-online.de/de/news245871 |url-status=live }}</ref> erecting a new office and warehouse building to contact him. The [[urban renewal]] of the old town changed the inner city. In the framework of the preparation of the cathedrals millennium, [[pedestrian zone]]s were developed around the cathedral, in northern direction to the Neubrunnenplatz and in a southern direction across the Leichhof to the Augustinerstraße and Kirschgarten. The 1980s brought the renewal of the façades on the Markt and a new inner-city neighbourhood on the Kästrich. During the 1990s the Kisselberg<ref name="Studierendenwerk Mainz">{{cite web |title=Studierendenwerk Mainz: Kisselberg |website=Studierendenwerk Mainz |url=https://www.studierendenwerk-mainz.de/wohnen/wohnheime/kisselberg |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131131344/https://www.studierendenwerk-mainz.de/wohnen/wohnheime/kisselberg |url-status=live }}</ref> and the "Fort Malakoff Center" at the site of the old police barracks<ref name="Architektur-Bildarchiv">{{cite web |title=Geschäftszentrum Fort-Malakoff-Park Mainz |website=Architektur-Bildarchiv |url=https://www.architektur-bildarchiv.de/image/Gesch%C3%A4ftszentrum-Fort-Malakoff-Park-Mainz-18240.html |language=de |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131131344/https://www.architektur-bildarchiv.de/image/Gesch%C3%A4ftszentrum-Fort-Malakoff-Park-Mainz-18240.html |url-status=live }}</ref> were built.
{{Panorama
|image   = Rathaus Mainz Jockel-Fuchs-Platz.jpg
|height  = 150px
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|alt     = Town Hall by Jacobsen
|caption = Town Hall by Jacobsen
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|align   = center
}}