Editing Madeira (section)

===Birds===
Three species of birds are endemic to Madeira: the [[Trocaz pigeon]], the [[Madeira Chaffinch]] and the [[Madeira firecrest]]. In addition extinct species include the [[Madeiran scops owl]], two [[Rail (bird)|rail]] species, ''Rallus adolfocaesaris'' and ''R. lowei'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alcover |first1=J. |last2=Pieper |first2=H. |last3=Pereira |first3=Fernando |last4=Rando |first4=J. |title=Five new extinct species of rails (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) from the Macaronesian Islands (North Atlantic Ocean) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4057 |issue=2 |date=2015 |pages=151–190 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4057.2.1 |pmid=26701473 }}</ref> and two [[quail]] species, ''Coturnix lignorum'' and ''C. alabrevis'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rando |first1=Juan C. |last2=Alcover |first2=Josep A. |last3=Pieper |first3=Harald |last4=Olson |first4=Storrs L. |last5=Hernández |first5=C. Nayra |last6=López-Jurado |first6=L. Felipe |title=Unforeseen diversity of quails (Galliformes: Phasianidae: ''Coturnix'') in oceanic islands provided by the fossil record of Macaronesia |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=188 |issue=4 |date=April 2020 |pages=1296–1317 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz107 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and the [[Madeiran wood pigeon]], a subspecies of the [[common wood pigeon]] and which was last seen in the early 20th century.

A [[Great Auk]] bone is known from the [[Savage Islands|Selvagens]], suggesting this seabird visited at least sporadically.<ref>Pieper, H. (1985). The fossil land birds of Madeira and Porto Santo. Bocagiana. Museu de História Natural do Funchal, N</ref>

====Mice====
Madeira is home to six species of brown mice, believed to be descendants of common European brown mice brought to the island by [[Vikings]] in the 9th century (or conceivably by 15th century Portuguese settlers), but diversified to the point where they cannot interbreed with their ancestral species or with one another. They have essentially the same genes, but rearranged to give different chromosome numbers: the ancestral species has 40 chromosomes, whereas the Madeira species have from 22 to 30.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/hdy.2012.107 |title=Origin of the chromosomal radiation of Madeiran house mice: a microsatellite analysis of metacentric chromosomes |last1=Förster |first1=D. W. |last2=Mathias |last3=Britton-Davidian |first3=J. |last4=Searle |journal=Heredity |volume=110 |pages=380–388 |year=2013 |issue=4 |pmid=23232832 |pmc=3607181 |bibcode=2013Hered.110..380F }}</ref> The deep valleys of Madeira are separated by high ground, and the different species of mice do not encounter each other.<ref>{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8153-4552-7 |title=Biochemical Evolution: the Pursuit of Perfection |last=Cornish-Bowden |first=A. |edition=2 |publisher=Garland Science |year=2016 |pages=43–44 }}</ref>