Editing Lyre (section)

==Central and Northern European lyres==
:''See [[Rotte (lyre)]]''
[[File:Buste à la lyre.jpg|thumb|2nd or 1st century BCE bust found in the fortress of [[Paule]], in Brittany]]
[[File:Sutton Hoo Lyre reconstruction BM SHR 9.jpg|thumb|Reproduction of the lyre from the [[Sutton Hoo]] royal burial (England), {{circa|600 CE}}]]
Other instruments known as lyres have been fashioned and used in Europe outside the [[Greco-Roman]] world since at least the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-17537147 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=Skye cave find western Europe's 'earliest string instrument' |website=BBC.co.uk |date=2012-03-28 |access-date=2012-09-17 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Lyres are depicted on ceramic and bronze vessels of the Proto-Celtic [[Hallstatt culture]] across central Europe.<ref name="Pomberger 2020 p471">{{cite journal | last=Pomberger | first=Beate Maria | title=Stringed Instruments of the Hallstatt Culture – from Iconographic Representation to Experimental Reproduction | journal=Slovenská archeológia | publisher=Central Library of the Slovak Academy of Sciences | volume=LXVIII | issue=Suppl. 1 | date=2020-12-31 | issn=1335-0102 | doi=10.31577/slovarch.2020.suppl.1.40 | pages=471–482| doi-access=free }}</ref> Among them there are lyres with rounded bottoms, stringed instruments whose resonators seem to be missing and lyres with strongly curved yokes and single or double bulging resonators.<ref name="Pomberger 2020 p471"/> The number of strings depicted varies from two to ten.<ref name="Pomberger 2020 p471"/> Fragmented tuning pegs and bridges made of wood have been discovered from the Iron Age industrial settlement in the Ramsau valley at [[Dürrnberg]], Austria.<ref name="Pomberger 2020 p471"/> Possible further wooden tuning pegs have been found in [[Glastonbury]] in Somerset in England and [[Biskupin]] in Poland.<ref name="Pomberger 2020 p471"/> The remains of what is thought to be the bridge of a [[High Pasture Cave#Finds|2300-year-old lyre]] were discovered on the [[Isle of Skye]], [[Scotland]] in 2010.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.stv.tv/scotland/highlands-islands/301843-europes-oldest-stringed-instrument-discovered-on-scots-isle/ |title='Europe's oldest stringed instrument' discovered on Scots island |url-status=dead |publisher=STV |date=2012-03-28 |access-date=2012-09-17 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=2012-07-14 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714094546/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/highlands-islands/301843-europes-oldest-stringed-instrument-discovered-on-scots-isle/ }}</ref>

In 1988, a stone bust from the 2nd or 1st century BCE was discovered in [[Brittany|Brittany, France]] which depicts a figure wearing a [[torc]] playing a seven-string lyre.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bernadette Arnaud|title=Bretagne: le barde à la Lyre, où les secrets d'une statue gauloise révélée par la 3D|url=https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/archeo-paleo/archeologie/le-barde-a-la-lyre-ou-les-secrets-d-une-statue-gauloise_132463|publisher=Sciences Avenir|date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

The [[Anglo-Saxon lyre|Germanic lyre]] is representative of a separate strand of lyre development. Appearing in warrior graves of the first millennium CE, these lyres differ from the lyres of the Mediterranean antiquity, by a long, shallow and broadly rectangular shape, with a hollow soundbox curving at the base, and two hollow arms connected across the top by an integrated crossbar or ‘yoke.<ref name="Kolltveit 2021 pp. 208–212">{{cite journal | last=Kolltveit | first=Gjermund | title=The Sutton Hoo lyre and the music of the Silk Road: a new find of the fourth century CE reveals the Germanic lyre's missing eastern connections | journal=Antiquity | publisher=Antiquity Publications | volume=96 | issue=385 | date=2021-12-15 | issn=0003-598X | doi=10.15184/aqy.2021.164 | pages=208–212| doi-access=free }}</ref> Famous examples include the lyre from the ship burial at [[Sutton Hoo]], and the decayed lyre discovered in silhouette at  the [[Prittlewell royal Anglo-Saxon burial]] in Essex.<ref name="Kolltveit 2021 pp. 208–212"/> The waterlogged lyre recovered from a grave at [[Trossingen]], Germany,  in 2001 is the best-preserved example found so far.<ref name="Kolltveit 2021 pp. 208–212"/>