Editing London Stansted Airport (section)

==Proposed developments==
=== Runway ===
==== Plans for a second runway ====
On 11 March 2008, BAA submitted a planning application (titled "G2") to expand the airport by {{convert|3|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} and for the construction of a second runway and terminal, etc., in line with a recommendation in the [[Air transport and the environment (United Kingdom)#Airport development strategy|2003 Air Transport White Paper]] (ATWP). This would have been the subject of a public inquiry, and if approved, would have allowed Stansted to handle more passengers than Heathrow did at the time of the application.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2008 |title=£2.5bn Stansted Generation 2 planning bid submitted |url=http://www.transportbriefing.co.uk/story.php?id=4781 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007053448/http://www.transportbriefing.co.uk/story.php?id=4781 |archive-date=7 October 2008 |publisher=Transport Briefing |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In May 2010, BAA withdrew its plans to build a second runway at Stansted and withdrew the plans to build a new runway at Heathrow.<ref name="withdraw2">BBC News: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8701433.stm Heathrow and Stansted runway plans scrapped by BAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527074803/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8701433.stm|date=27 May 2010}}, 24 May 2010. Visited 20 June 2011.</ref>

The ATWP had anticipated that a second runway would be operational by 2011, but this date continued to slip. BAA's 2008 planning application envisaged operation commencing in 2015, and in 2009, BAA revised the anticipated opening date to 2017.

Prior to the United Kingdom's May 2010 general election, all three major political parties pledged not to approve a second runway. Soon after the election, the new government confirmed this, and BAA withdrew its application for planning permission, having spent nearly £200&nbsp;million preparing for the public inquiry and buying up properties.

The public inquiry into BAA's second runway application had been scheduled to start on 15 April 2009, but the start was delayed by Secretary of State [[Hazel Blears]] to allow time for BAA and the government to consider the implications of the March 2009 Competition Commission's ruling that BAA must sell Stansted within two years. As 2011 drew to a close, BAA was still appealing against the Competition Commission ruling. On 20 August 2012, after losing a case at the Court of Appeal, BAA agreed to cease challenging the Competition Commission's ruling and to sell Stansted.

On 10 February 2010, Secretary of State [[John Denham (politician)|John Denham]], in an open letter, concluded that the inquiry could not reasonably start until after the general election. In addition, he commented that the planning application documents were nearly two years old and would require updating. Eventually, BAA realised the futility of pursuing its G2 application in the context of the new government policy and withdrew it on 24 May 2010.<ref name="withdraw2" />

==== Stop Stansted Expansion ====
The [[advocacy group]] Stop Stansted Expansion (SSE) was formed in 2002, as a working group of the North West Essex and East Herts Preservation Association, in response to the Government's consultation on expanding UK airports and, particularly, runway expansion plans for Stansted Airport subsequently defined in the Air Transport white paper in December 2003.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100519093443/http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/whitepapers/air/ (ARCHIVED CONTENT) The Future of Air Transport – White Paper and the Civil Aviation Bill]. Webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</ref> In September 2012, as a result of pressure from the aviation industry, the government set up the Airports Commission, chaired by Sir Howard Davies, to consider what, if anything, needed to be done to maintain the UK's status as a global aviation hub. The commission concluded that an additional runway would be required for South East England and that it should be added to either Heathrow or Gatwick. Following the 2015 election, the commission made a final recommendation to expand Heathrow subject to certain environmental constraints.<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/airports-commission Airports Commission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720003250/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/airports-commission|date=20 July 2013}}. GOV.UK. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</ref>

=== Terminal ===
==== Ongoing Terminal extension ====
[[File:Airside_at_Stansted_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6850504.jpg|thumb|The terminal will be extended by three bays to the rear, replacing the [[Stansted Airport Transit System|passenger transit system]].]]
In July 2023, [[Manchester Airports Group|MAG]] announced a new proposal for a reconfiguration and three-bay extension to the existing terminal building, which will increase its size by a third.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Billions for Stansted Airport and London Gateway announced |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn5z95ylxwno |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=www.bbc.com |date=14 October 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> This plan aims to create increased passenger amenities, with an expected cost of £600 million.<ref name=":2" /> The extension plan will increase the terminal's size by 16,500 square metres, and  is designed to accommodate an increase in passenger capacity from 35 million to 43 million annual passengers. On 1 November 2023, the government's Planning Inspectorate approved the expansion plan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-01 |title=Stansted Airport expansion plans for bigger terminal approved |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-67279365 |access-date=2024-10-15 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The new terminal design will incorporate a larger departure lounge, an enlarged [[Airport security|security hall]], and new amenities, including additional shops, bars, and restaurants. The baggage reclaim area will also feature new carousels and increased baggage handling capacity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stanstedairport.com/about-us/terminal-development/|title=Terminal Extension|website=London Stansted Airport}}</ref> The redevelopment will include the installation new check-in desks, and [[CT scan#Aviation security|next-generation]] security scanners. Satellite 2 (gates 20-39) is also set to receive an overhaul, with upgraded floor and gate area seating. The existing gate areas will also be reconfigured to model conventional gate-rooms as seen in other airports, with the aim to create more space for passengers when pre-boarding their aircraft <ref name=":5"/>

As part of the redevelopment project, the existing [[Stansted Airport Transit System|passenger transit system]] will be decommissioned and replaced with new walkways that will connect the terminal to the [[Satellite terminal|satellite buildings]].<ref name="constructionenquirer-20232">{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Plan in for Stansted airport terminal extension |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2023/09/27/plan-in-for-stansted-airport-terminal-extension/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212154837/https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2023/09/27/plan-in-for-stansted-airport-terminal-extension/ |archive-date=12 December 2023 |access-date=12 December 2023 |work=Construction Enquirer}}</ref>  Additionally, the [[Border control|immigration hall]] will be relocated to a new area downstairs within the terminal.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=London Stansted unveils £1.1bn investment programme as it embarks on "exciting new chapter" |url=https://mediacentre.stanstedairport.com/london-stansted-unveils-11bn-investment-programme-as-it-embarks-on-exciting-new-chapter/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=London Stansted unveils £1.1bn investment programme as it embarks on "exciting new chapter" |language=en}}</ref>  Also included in the programme is the installation of a 14.3-megawatt on-site solar farm.<ref name=":2"/>

Construction of the extension is planned to begin in 2025 and is expected to last two to three years.<ref name=":2"/>

==== Proposed Satellite 4 ====
[[File:London Stansted Airport - geograph.org.uk - 6079852.jpg|thumb|The possible location of Satellite 4 is seen on the left.]]
Plans for Satellite 4 have never been realised.<ref name=":3" /> Located to the northeast of Satellite 3, Satellite 4 was approved for [[Planning permission in the United Kingdom|planning permission]] in 1999 as part of an expansion strategy to increase the airport's capacity from 8 to 15 million passengers per annum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Feb 2018 |title=STANSTED AIRPORT 25-35MPPA EXPANSION (GENERATION 1) |url=https://uttlesford.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s3518/25%20TO%2035MPPA%20monitoring%20v2.1.pdf |website=Uttlesford District Council}}</ref> A revised scheme in 2005 included a pier link for the proposed satellite, with construction planned for 2013-2015,<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2008 |title=BAA FUNDING LIMITED Prospectus |url=https://www.heathrow.com/content/dam/heathrow/web/common/documents/company/investor/offering-related-documents/archived-documents/baa/2008-Base_prospectus.pdf |website=www.heathrow.com}}</ref> however plans did not proceed after the sale of [[British Airports Authority|BAA]] to [[Ferrovial]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Whitelaw |first=Jackie |date=2006-06-08 |title=Stansted expansion on shaky ground as Ferrovial buys BAA |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/archive/stansted-expansion-on-shaky-ground-as-ferrovial-buys-baa-2-08-06-2006/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |magazine=New Civil Engineer |language=en}}</ref> and construction never commenced. In 2018, the site of Satellite 4 was instead built as remote stands.<ref name=":4" /> The current expansion plans for 2024 do not include Satellite 4, and instead focuses on other airfield and terminal improvements.<ref name=":5" />

==== Formerly proposed Arrivals Terminal ====
In December 2016, London Stansted Airport unveiled plans for a new £130 million arrivals terminal aimed to handle increasing passenger numbers and relieve pressure on the existing single-terminal setup,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-19 |title=London Stansted Airport unveils plans for new £130 million arrivals building to transform the passenger experience |url=https://www.airport-suppliers.com/london-stansted-airport-unveils-plans-new-130-million-arrivals-building-transform-passenger-experience/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=Airport Suppliers |language=en-GB}}</ref> which is the busiest of its kind in the UK.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Hugh |date=2016-12-16 |title=UK's busiest single-terminal airport set for £130m revamp |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/stansted-reveals-plans-for-new-terminal-building/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

The new arrivals terminal was to be located adjacent to the existing terminal and [[Radisson Blu]] Hotel. It would feature a larger immigration and baggage reclaim area. This new facility would allow the existing terminal to be reconfigured exclusively for departures, expanding space for check-in, security, and the international departures lounge, and would make London Stansted the only airport in the UK with separate arrivals and departures terminals.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 April 2017 |title=Stansted Airport announces new £130m arrivals terminal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-39507329 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405203947/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-39507329 |archive-date=5 April 2017 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC English Regions |location=Cambridge |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Initial construction was due to start in 2018, taking three years to complete. However, the arrivals terminal was put on hold at the end of 2019, due to fluctuating travel demand and economic uncertainties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stansted Airport presses pause on £130m arrivals building - The Transport Network |url=https://www.transport-network.co.uk/Stansted-Airport-presses-pause-on-130m-arrivals-building/16338 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.transport-network.co.uk}}</ref> In 2020, [[Uttlesford District Council]] refused planning permission for the expansion plan, but the [[Planning Inspectorate]] overturned this decision following a public inquiry in 2021.<ref name="BBC20222">{{cite news |title=Stansted Airport: Council criticised for rejecting expansion plan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62180461 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815031234/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62180461 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC English Regions |location=Cambridge}}</ref> Despite the approval, further delays and changes to the airport's priorities led to the arrivals terminal being deferred.

In 2023, following a review of various proposals for increasing terminal capacity, Stansted Airport decided to cancel the arrivals terminal project, opting instead to focus on expanding the existing 1991 terminal building.<ref>{{Cite web| title=£5,000,000,000 Multicurrency programme for the issuance of Bonds | url=https://assets.live.dxp.maginfrastructure.com/f/73114/x/6ebb71c0b2/manchester-airport-group-plc-base-prospectus-11_09_2023.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715050427/https://assets.live.dxp.maginfrastructure.com/f/73114/x/6ebb71c0b2/manchester-airport-group-plc-base-prospectus-11_09_2023.pdf | archive-date=2024-07-15}}</ref>

==== Formerly proposed artwork ====
As part of the terminal's initial development, in 1988 [[Norman Foster]] and British architectural artist [[Brian Clarke]] made several proposals for an integral artwork for the terminal building. The principal proposal would have seen the east and west elevations of the terminal clad in two sequences of traditionally mouth-blown, leaded [[stained glass]],<ref name="Architectural Artist">{{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Kenneth |title=Brian Clarke: Architectural Artist |publisher=Academy Group Ltd |year=1994 |isbn=9781854903433 |editor-last=Hodges |editor-first=Nicola |series=Academy Editions: art and design monographs |location=Great Britain |page=13 |chapter=Architectural Artist}}</ref> along the full {{convert|162|metre|adj=on}} length of the building. However, for technical and security reasons, the artwork was not executed. In 1991, the British Airports Authority commissioned a second, smaller stained glass project from Clarke for Stansted Airport in place of the 1988 proposal. The artist designed two stained glass [[frieze]]s and a {{convert|6|m|adj=on}} high tower of stained glass<ref>{{cite book |author=Powell, Kenneth |title=Stansted: Norman Foster and the Architecture of Flight |publisher=Fourth Estate/The University of Michigan |year=1992 |isbn=9781872180991 |pages=58–59; 85}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Glancey, Jonathan |title=On Foster... Foster On |publisher=Prestel |year=2000 |isbn=3-7913-2405-5 |page=257}}</ref> for a circulation area in the centre of the terminal which, in their composition, echoed elements of Foster's structure; by 1994 the tower had been removed to 'allow greater flow of traffic through the space',<ref name="Architectural Artist" /> and later the friezes were likewise removed.