Editing Lincoln, England (section)

===Ecology===
The [[mute swan]] is an iconic species for Lincoln. Many pairs nest each year beside the Brayford, and they feature on the university's heraldic emblem. Other bird life within the city includes [[peregrine falcon]], [[tawny owl]] and [[common kingfisher]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lincolncathedral.com/peregrines/ |title=Peregrines at Lincoln Cathedral |date=14 March 2016 |website=Lincoln Cathedral |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202726/https://lincolncathedral.com/peregrines/ |archive-date=3 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/areas-of-lincoln/brayford-waterfront/explore-the-brayford/ |title=Explore the Brayford |website=Visit Lincoln |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203204252/https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/areas-of-lincoln/brayford-waterfront/explore-the-brayford/ |archive-date=3 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Mammals on the city edges include [[red fox]], [[roe deer]] and [[least weasel]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/lincoln-news/nice-day-stroll-deer-shocks-2986913 |title=Lincolnshire Live – Nice Day for a Stroll! Deer Shocks Locals by Walking through a Lincoln Housing Estate |date=17 June 2019 |access-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618145916/https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/lincoln-news/nice-day-stroll-deer-shocks-2986913 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[European perch]], [[northern pike]] and [[bream]] are among fishes seen in the Witham and Brayford.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/15-best-fishing-locations-lincolnshire-70848 |title=15 of the best fishing locations in Lincolnshire |first=Daniel |last=Smith |date=23 June 2014 |website=lincolnshirelive |access-date=17 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327140023/https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/15-best-fishing-locations-lincolnshire-70848 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nature reserves around the city include Greetwell Hollow SSSI, Swanholme SSSI, [[Whisby Moor|Whisby Nature Park]], [[Boultham|Boultham Mere]] and [[Hartsholme Country Park]].

Since 2016, [[little egret]]s have nested in the Birchwood area and [[Eurasian otter|otters]] appeared in the River Witham. Both are native to Britain and repopulating the area after near extermination.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/lincoln-news/family-otters-caught-camera-swimming-1529156 |title=Family of otters caught on camera swimming in the Witham in Lincoln |first=Holly |last=O'Flinn |date=3 May 2018 |website=lincolnshirelive |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005814/https://www.lincolnshirelive.co.uk/news/lincoln-news/family-otters-caught-camera-swimming-1529156 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/news/conservationists-and-anglers-clash-over-otters-return-1-8309880/ |title=Conservationists and anglers clash over otters' return |date=1 January 2018 |website=Grantham Journal |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202703/https://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/news/conservationists-and-anglers-clash-over-otters-return-1-8309880/ |archive-date=3 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Several invasive species of plants and animals have reached Lincoln. [[Japanese knotweed]] and [[Himalayan balsam]] are Asian plant species around the River Witham. [[Galinsoga]] and [[Amsinckia]] are American species found among city weeds, also [[American mink]] which are occasionally seen on the Witham.