Editing Kaolinite (section)

===Main===
In 2009, up to 70% of kaolin was used in the production of [[paper]]. Following reduced demand from the paper industry, resulting from both competing minerals and the effect of digital media, in 2016 the market share was reported to be: paper, 36%; ceramics, 31%; paint, 7% and other, 26%.<ref name="Ceramics' F. Hart 2019. Pg.28">'Positive Outlook For Kaolin In Ceramics' F. Hart, I. Wilson. Industrial Minerals, April 2019. Pg.28</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=King |first1=R.J. |title=Kaolinite |journal=Geology Today |date=March 2009 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=75–78 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2451.2009.00711.x|bibcode=2009GeolT..25...75K |s2cid=242917623 }}</ref> According to the [[United States Geological Survey|USGS]], in 2021 the global production of kaolin was estimated to be around 45 million tonnes.<ref>U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2022</ref>

* '''Paper''' applications require high-brightness, low abrasion and delaminated kaolins. For paper coatings it is used to enhance the gloss, brilliance, smoothness and receptability to inks; it can account for 25% of mass of the paper. As a paper filler it is used as a pulp extender, and to increase opacity; it can account for 15% of mass.<ref>’Industrial Minerals And Their Uses - A Handbook And Formulary. P. A. Ciullo. William Andrew, 1996. Pg. 43</ref><ref name="Markets And Industry Outlook 2013. Pg. 332">'Kaolin - Global Markets And Industry Outlook' 13th edition. Roskill Information Services, 2013. Pg. 332</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Murray HH, Lyons SC|date=1955|title=Correlation of Paper-Coating Quality with Degree of Crystal Perfection of Kaolinite|journal=Clays and Clay Minerals|volume=4|issue=1|pages=31–40|doi=10.1346/CCMN.1955.0040105|bibcode=1955CCM.....4...31M|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* In whiteware '''ceramic''' bodies, kaolin can constitute up to 50% of the raw materials. In unfired bodies it contributes to the green strength, plasticity and rheological properties, such as the casting rate. During firing it reacts with other body components to form the crystal and glass phases. With suitable firing schedules it is key to the formation of [[mullite]]. The most valued grades have low contents of chromophoric oxides such that the fired material has high whiteness.<ref>’Industrial Minerals And Their Uses - A Handbook And Formular’ P. A. Ciullo. William Andrew, 1996. Pg. 43</ref><ref name="Markets And Industry Outlook 2013. Pg. 332"/><ref>’Dictionary Of Ceramic Science And Engineering' L. S. O’Bannon. Plenum Press / Springer. 1984. Pg.146</ref><ref>’Dictionary Of Ceramic Science And Engineering’ 3rd edition. I. MCcolm. Springer, 2013</ref> In glazes it is primarily used as a rheology control agent, but also contributes some green strength. In both glazes and frits it contributes some SiO<sub>2</sub> as a glass network former, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as both a network former and modifier.<ref>'Ceramics Glaze Technology.' J.R.Taylor & A.C.Bull. The Institute Of Ceramics/Pergamon Press986</ref>