Editing KLM (section)

===Former subsidiaries===
Subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures of KLM in the past include:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Company || Type || Year of establishment || Year of rejection || Notes || References
|-
| Cobalt Ground Solutions || Subsidiary || align=center|1995 || align=center|2017 || UK based ground handling (60% share) || align=center|<ref>{{cite web |title=Air France-KLM sells Cobalt Ground Solutions |url=https://news.klm.com/air-france-klm-sells-cobalt-ground-solutions/ |work=KLM newsroom |access-date=9 July 2013 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153905/https://news.klm.com/air-france-klm-sells-cobalt-ground-solutions/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bloomberg Transportation Infrastructure: Company Overview of Cobalt Ground Solutions Ltd. |website = [[Bloomberg News]]| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=46545318 |access-date=9 July 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[Air Ceylon]]
|Subsidiary
|1953
|1961
|Bought 49% stake from [[Australian National Airways]], later reduced to 25% and sold stake in the Airline in 1961.
|
|-
|[[Air UK]] || Associate || align=center|1987 || align=center|1998 || Renamed [[KLM uk]] upon obtaining majority stake || align=center|<ref name=airuk>{{cite web |title=Air UK Reunion -History |url=http://www.airukreunion.co.uk/history.htm |work=Air UK Reunion |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722081100/http://www.airukreunion.co.uk/history.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Braathens ASA|Braathens]] || Joint venture || align=center|1998 || align=center|2003 || align=center|— || align=center|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1997-10-15 |title=KLM signs Braathens and Northwest deals |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/klm-signs-braathens-and-northwest-deals/16347.article |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=[[FlightGlobal]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SAS to buy troubled Braathens |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/sas-to-buy-troubled-braathens-130934/ |work=Flight International |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=10 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710012743/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/sas-to-buy-troubled-braathens-130934/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Buzz (airline)|Buzz]] || Subsidiary || align=center|2000 || align=center|2003 || Sold to [[Ryanair]] || align=center |<ref>{{cite web |title=KLM uk's no-frills buzz gets off the ground |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/klm-uks-no-frills-buzz-gets-off-the-ground-60596/ |work=Flight International |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522043424/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/klm-uks-no-frills-buzz-gets-off-the-ground-60596/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Buzz deal completed|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/buzz-deal-completed-164674/|work=Flight International|access-date=20 February 2013|archive-date=22 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522054233/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/buzz-deal-completed-164674/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ryanair snaps up Buzz and increases 737 order |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ryanair-snaps-up-buzz-and-increases-737-order-161194/ |work=Flight International |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522054117/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ryanair-snaps-up-buzz-and-increases-737-order-161194/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[De Kroonduif]]|| Subsidiary || align=center|1955 || align=center|1963 || Acquired by [[Garuda Indonesia]] || align=center|<ref>{{cite web |title=Vliegen als vervoer in Nieuw-Guinea |url=http://www.papuaerfgoed.org/en/node/23467 |work=PACE |publisher=Papua Heritage Foundation |language=nl |trans-title=Flying as transport in New-Guinea |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=25 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825094137/http://www.papuaerfgoed.org/en/node/23467 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[KLM alps]]|| Subsidiary || align=center|1998 || align=center|2001 || Franchise agreement with Air Engiadina and [[Air Alps]] || align=center|<ref>{{cite web |title=KLM's alpine deal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/klms-alpine-deal-45105/ |work=Flight International |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522030444/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/klms-alpine-deal-45105/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Air Alps lands in Italian hands|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/air-alps-lands-in-italian-hands-134141/|work=Flight International|access-date=20 February 2013|archive-date=22 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522044746/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/air-alps-lands-in-italian-hands-134141/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[KLM exel]] || Subsidiary || align=center|1991 || align=center|2004 || align=center|— || align=center|{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
|-
|[[KLM Helikopters]] || Subsidiary || align=center|1965 || align=center|1998 || Sold to [[Schreiner Airways]] || align=center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Newsletter May 1985|url=http://www.denhelderairport.nl/index.php?lan=en&id=85|work=Den Helder Airport|access-date=20 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524212104/http://www.denhelderairport.nl/index.php?lan=en&id=85|archive-date=24 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schreiner|first=Arnoud|title=1996–2000|url=http://schreinerhistory.weebly.com/1996--2000.html|work=Schreiner Aviation Group History|access-date=20 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522055845/http://schreinerhistory.weebly.com/1996--2000.html|archive-date=22 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=KLM Helikopters BV |journal=Flight International |date=22 April 1978 |volume=113 |issue=3605 |page=1137 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1978/1978%20-%200661.html |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522051111/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1978/1978%20-%200661.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf]] (KLM-IIB) || Subsidiary || align=center|1947 || align=center|1949 || Nationalized and renamed [[Garuda Indonesia]] || align=center|<ref>{{cite web |title=KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/5871 |work=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222111219/http://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=5871 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[KLM uk]] || Subsidiary || align=center|1998 || align=center|2002 || Merged with [[KLM Cityhopper]] || align=center|<ref name=airuk /><ref>{{cite journal |title=World Airline Directory – KLM uk |journal=Flight International |date=18 March 1998 |volume=153 |issue=4617 |page=82 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200608.html |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522044440/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1998/1998%20-%200608.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[NetherLines]] || Subsidiary || align=center|1988 || align=center|1991 || Merged with [[NLM CityHopper]] and formed [[KLM Cityhopper]] || align=center|<ref>{{cite journal |title=KLM buys Dutch regional |journal=Flight International |date=9 April 1988 |volume=133 |issue=4108 |page=7 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988%20-%200911.html |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522051317/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988%20-%200911.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=nlmnetherlinesmerger>{{cite journal |title=World Airline Directory – KLM CityHopper |journal=Flight International |date=27 March 1991 |volume=91 |issue=4260 |page=139 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%200780.html |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204150127/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[NLM CityHopper]] || Subsidiary || align=center|1966 || align=center|1991 || Merged with [[NetherLines]] and formed [[KLM Cityhopper]] || align=center|<ref name=nlmnetherlinesmerger /><ref>{{cite journal |title=World Airline Directory – Nederlandse Luchtvaart Maatschappij (NLM) |journal=Flight International |date=13 April 1967 |volume=91 |issue=3031 |page=581 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%200595.html |access-date=20 February 2013 |archive-date=22 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522054448/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%200595.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[High Speed Alliance]] || Subsidiary || align=center|2007 || align=center|2014 || 5% (10% voting) share before it became [[NS International]] || align=center|{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}}
|-
|KLM Equipment Services BV
|Subsidiary
|<!-- No source yet. -->
| align=center|2024
|Sold to [[TCR International]]
| align=center|<ref>{{Cite web |title=KLM Equipment Services bought by TCR International |url=https://klmf.ly/3SDkgJo |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=KLM Equipment Services bought by TCR International |language=en}}</ref>
|}

KLM also worked closely with [[ALM Antillean Airlines]] in the Caribbean to provide air service for the Dutch-controlled islands in the region with KLM aircraft such as the [[Douglas DC-8]] and [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30]] being operated by KLM flight crews on behalf of ALM.<ref name="Airline Timetable Images"/>