Editing Juniper (section)

===General use===
{{Further|Juniper berry}}
Juniper berries are a spice used in a wide variety of culinary dishes and are best known for the primary flavoring in [[gin]] (and responsible for gin's name, which is a shortening of the Dutch word for juniper, ''jenever''). A juniper-based spirit is made by fermenting juniper berries and water to create a "wine" that is then distilled. This is often sold as a juniper brandy in eastern Europe.  Juniper berries are also used as the primary flavor in the liquor [[jenever]].  Juniper berry sauce is often a popular flavoring choice for [[quail]], [[pheasant]], [[veal]], [[rabbit]], [[venison]], and other game dishes.

A tea can be made from the young twigs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/277203364 |title=The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]] |others=[[United States Department of the Army]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-60239-692-0 |location=New York |pages=63 |language=en-US |oclc=277203364}}</ref> Twigs or needles are used to flavour the traditional Finnish junperbeer, [[sahti]] as well.

Dense and rot resistant, the irregular trunks of junipers have been used as fence posts and firewood. Stands that produce enough wood for specialty uses generally go under the common name "cedar",<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last1=Arno |first1=Stephen F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDD4DwAAQBAJ |title=Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees |last2=Hammerly |first2=Ramona P. |publisher=[[Mountaineers Books]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-68051-329-5 |edition=field guide |location=Seattle |pages=177, 179–180 |language=en |oclc=1141235469 |orig-date=1977}}</ref> including ''Juniperus virginiana'', the "red cedar" that is used widely in cedar drawers and closets.<ref name=mdc>{{cite web |title=Eastern Red Cedar |url=https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/eastern-red-cedar |website=MDC Discover Nature |publisher=Missouri Department of Conservation |access-date=15 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The lack of space or a hyphen between the words "red" and "cedar" is sometimes used to indicate that this species is not a true cedar (''[[Cedrus]]'').<ref name=reededu>{{cite web |title=Cedars - Trees of Reed |url=https://blogs.reed.edu/trees/cedars/ |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>

Juniper in weave is a traditional [[cladding (construction)|cladding]] technique used in Northern Europe, e.g. at [[Havrå]], Norway.<ref>{{cite book |first=Bjørn |last=Berge |title=The Ecology of Building Materials |publisher=Taylor & Francis |edition=2nd |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-85617-537-1}}</ref>

Juniper berries are [[steam distillation|steam distilled]] to produce an [[essential oil]] that may vary from colorless to yellow or pale green.<ref name="Cantrell">{{cite journal |last1=Cantrell |first1=Charles L. |last2=Zheljazkov |first2=Valtcho D. |last3=Carvalho |first3=Camila R. |last4=Astatkie |first4=Tess |last5=Jeliazkova |first5=Ekaterina A. |last6=Rosa |first6=Luiz H. |editor-last=Chang |editor-first=Ing-Feng |title=Dual Extraction of Essential Oil and Podophyllotoxin from Creeping Juniper (''Juniperus horizontalis'') |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=9 |issue=9 |date=9 September 2014 |issn=1932-6203 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0106057 |pmid=25203255 |pmc=4159210 |page=e106057|bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j6057C |doi-access=free }}</ref> Some of its chemical components are [[terpenoid]]s and [[Aromaticity|aromatic compounds]], such as [[cadinene]], a [[sesquiterpene]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Int J Toxicol|year=2001|volume=20|issue=Suppl 2|pages=41–56|title=Final report on the safety assessment of ''Juniperus communis'' extract, Juniperus oxycedrus extract, Juniperus oxycedrus tar, ''Juniperus phoenicea'' extract, and ''Juniperus virginiana'' extract|pmid=11558640|doi=10.1080/10915810160233758|s2cid=40114722|doi-access=free}}</ref>