Editing Jerry Brown (section)

==39th governor of California (2011–2019)==

===Third term===
{{Main|2010 California gubernatorial election}}
[[File:Jerry Brown rally G.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Brown at a campaign rally in [[Sacramento]] two days before the election in 2010]]
Brown announced his candidacy for governor on March 2, 2010.<ref name=Kernis>{{cite news|author=Kernis, Jay|title=Intriguing people for March 2, 2010|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/03/02/mip.tuesday/|date=March 2, 2010|work=CNN|access-date=March 6, 2010}}</ref> First indicating his interest in early 2008, Brown formed an exploratory committee in order to seek a third term as governor in 2010, following the expiration of Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]'s term.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Anti-Governor: Jerry Brown wants to be governor of California again|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=June 12, 2008|url=http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11551735}}</ref><ref>The fact that he has served two terms already does not affect him because [[List of California ballot propositions 1990–1999|Proposition 140]] does not apply to those who had served as public officials before the law passed in 1990, as provided in Article 20, Section 7 of the [[California Constitution]].[http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_20 Term limits] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009015911/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_20 |date=October 9, 2014 }}</ref>

Brown's Republican opponent in the election was former [[eBay]] president [[Meg Whitman]]. Brown was endorsed by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]],''<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/editorials/la-ed-governor-20101003,0,913011.story Jerry Brown for governor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128224525/http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/editorials/la-ed-governor-20101003%2C0%2C913011.story |date=November 28, 2010 }}, editorial, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', October 3, 2010</ref> ''[[The Sacramento Bee]],''<ref>[http://www.sacbee.com/2010/10/03/3073192/jerry-brown-best-pick-for-governor.html Endorsements: Jerry Brown best pick for governor] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004130817/http://www.sacbee.com/2010/10/03/3073192/jerry-brown-best-pick-for-governor.html |date=October 4, 2010 }}, editorial, ''[[The Sacramento Bee]]'', October 3, 2010</ref> the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]],''<ref name="leap of faith">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/A-vote-for-experience-over-a-big-leap-of-faith-3172484.php|title=Chronicle Recommends Jerry Brown for Governor; A vote for experience over a big leap of faith|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=October 3, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716095806/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2010%2F10%2F03%2FEDCL1F4Q46.DTL|archive-date=July 16, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> the ''[[San Jose Mercury News]],''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2010/10/08/mercury-news-editorial-jerry-brown-is-the-right-choice-for-governor/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824173855/http://www.mercurynews.com/editorials/ci_16291551|archive-date=August 24, 2013|title=Mercury News editorial: Jerry Brown is the right choice for governor|work=[[San Jose Mercury News]]|date=October 10, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and the [[Service Employees International Union]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://draft.seiuca.org/politics/Rebuild_California__SEIU_Voter_Guide.aspx |title=Rebuild California: SEIU Voter Guide |publisher=Draft.seiuca.org |access-date=November 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709101825/http://draft.seiuca.org/politics/Rebuild_California__SEIU_Voter_Guide.aspx |archive-date=July 9, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Both Whitman and Brown were criticized for [[negative campaigning]] during the election.<ref name=NPRads/> During their final debate at the 2010 [[Women's Conference]] a week before the election, moderator [[Matt Lauer]] asked both candidates to pull attack ads for the rest of the election, which elicited loud cheers from the audience.<ref name=NPRads>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130852376 Whitman, Brown In The Hot Seat Over Negative Ads] by Ina Jaffe.</ref> Brown agreed and picked one ad each of his and Whitman's that he thought, if Whitman would agree, should be the only ones run, but Whitman, who had been loudly cheered earlier as the prospective first woman governor of the state, was booed when she stated that she would keep "the ads that talk about where Gov. Brown stands on the issues".<ref name=PBSads>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2010/10/the-morning-line-negative-ads-put-front-and-center-in-race-for-california-governor.html Brown, Whitman Challenged to Pull Negative Ads in California Governor Race] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118183141/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2010/10/the-morning-line-negative-ads-put-front-and-center-in-race-for-california-governor.html |date=2014-01-18 }} ''PBS Newshour'', David Chalian and Terrance Burlij, October 27, 2010.</ref>

The ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that nearly $250 million was spent on the Governor's race.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/11/political-flashback-most-expensive-governors-race-in-state-history-ends-with-a-flurry-of-campaigning.html | work=Los Angeles Times | title=PolitiCal}}</ref> At least two spending records were broken during the campaign. Whitman broke personal spending records by spending $140 million of her own money on the campaign,<ref name="CNNFantz">[http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/11/03/how-jerry-brown-got-back-in-the-governors-saddle/?hpt=C1 "How Jerry Brown got back in the governor's saddle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116180049/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/11/03/how-jerry-brown-got-back-in-the-governors-saddle/?hpt=C1 |date=2017-01-16 }}, Ashley Fantz, CNN, November 3, 2010. Fetched from URL on November 3, 2010.</ref> and independent expenditures exceeded $31.7 million, with almost $25 million of that spent in support of Brown.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/11/independent-spending-for-2010-campaign-sets-record-.html | work=Los Angeles Times | title=PolitiCal}}</ref> Despite being significantly outspent by Whitman, Brown won the gubernatorial race 53.8% to Whitman's 40.9%.

Brown was sworn in for his third term as governor on January 3, 2011, succeeding Republican [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] who had been officially term-limited. Brown was working on a budget that would shift many government programs from the state to the local level, a reversal of trends from his first tenure as governor.<ref>Jesse McKinley. "The New York Times".01/10/2011. "{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/us/11california.html |title=Deep Social Services Cuts Outlined in California |newspaper=The New York Times |date=11 January 2011 |access-date=2011-01-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106123649/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/us/11california.html |archive-date=November 6, 2014 |df=mdy |last1=McKinley |first1=Jesse }}". January 16, 2011.</ref>

On June 28, 2012, Brown signed a budget that made deep cuts to social services with the assumption that voters would pass $8 billion in tax increases in November 2012 to close California's $15.7-billion budget deficit. Brown stated: "We need budget cuts. We need the continued growth of the economy for a long period of time. We're suffering from the mortgage meltdown that killed 600,000 jobs in the construction industry. ... We're recovering from a national recession slowly—over 300,000 jobs [gained] since the recession. We've got a million to go. That needs to continue, but that depends not only on Barack Obama and the Congress and the Federal Reserve, but also on [German chancellor Angela] Merkel, China, the European Union, and the self-organizing quality of the world economy."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://psmag.com/social-justice/the-governors-last-stand-44798|work=Pacific Standard|title=The Governor's Last Stand|date=August 12, 2012}}</ref>

In September 2012, Brown signed legislation sponsored by California state senator [[Ted Lieu]] that prohibits protesters at funerals within 300 feet, with convicted violators punishable with fines and jail time; the legislation was in response to protests conducted by the [[Westboro Baptist Church]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Calif. law distances protesters from funerals |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.armytimes.com/mobile/news/2012/09/ap-california-law-distances-protesters-from-funerals-091712 |newspaper=Army Times |date=September 17, 2013 |access-date=February 24, 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Barack Obama speaks with farmers about California drought, 2014.jpg|thumb|Brown and President [[Barack Obama]] discussing the [[2011–2017 California drought|drought in California]] with farmers, 2014]]
In the November 2012 general elections, voters approved Brown's proposed tax increases in the form of [[California Proposition 30 (2012)|Proposition 30]]. Prop 30 raised the state personal income tax increase for seven years among California residents with an annual income over US$250,000 and increased in the state sales tax by 0.25 percent over four years. It allowed the state to avoid nearly $6 billion in cuts to public education.<ref name=KPCC>{{cite news|last=Abdollah|first=Tami|title=Prop. 30 winning; what's next for schools, taxes|url=http://www.scpr.org/blogs/politics/2012/11/07/10949/prop-30-election-taxes-California-schools-votes/|access-date=November 10, 2012|publisher=KPCC|date=November 7, 2012}}</ref>

In 2013, Brown proposed a large, $25 billion Bay Delta Conservation Plan<ref>{{cite web|title=Bay Delta Conservation Plan - Water Education Foundation |url=http://www.watereducation.org/topic-bay-delta-conservation-plan|website=www.watereducation.org|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> (later renamed the [[California Water Fix and Eco Restore]] project) to build two large, four-story tall, {{convert|30|mile}} long tunnels to carry fresh water from the [[Sacramento River]] under the [[Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta]] toward the intake stations for the [[State Water Project]] and the [[Central Valley Project]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Siders|first1=David|title=Field Poll: Jerry Brown riding high, but not his big projects|url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/field-polls/article11054465.html|access-date=10 May 2015|agency=Sacramento Bee|date=23 Feb 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518102847/http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/field-polls/article11054465.html|archive-date=May 18, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Unlike his earlier Peripheral Canal project, the two tunnels are to be funded by the agencies and users receiving benefit from the project and do not require voter approval.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/californiawater/pdfs/Draft_Final_DCE_Agreement_Combined.pdf|title=DRAFT Design & Construction Enterprise (DCE) Agreement and Exhibits|date=September 23, 2015|publisher=Department of Water Resources and the Conveyance Project Coordination Agency|access-date=March 1, 2016}}</ref>

In July 2014, Brown traveled to Mexico to hold meetings with Mexican president [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] and Central American leaders about the ongoing [[children's immigration crisis]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Jerry Brown to meet with Mexican president|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/jerry-brown-enrique-pena-nieto-mexico-immigration-109426.html |access-date=July 28, 2014|work=Politico|date=July 27, 2014}}</ref>

On September 16, 2014, Gov. Brown signed a [[Sustainable Groundwater Management Act|historic package of groundwater legislation]]. The plan will regulate local agencies and also implement management plans to achieve water sustainability within 20 years.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Orr|first1=Katie|title=Brown Signs Historic Groundwater Legislation|url=http://kvpr.org/post/brown-signs-historic-groundwater-legislation|access-date=September 16, 2014}}</ref>

===Fourth term===
{{Main|2014 California gubernatorial election}}
[[File:Secretary Zinke meeting with Governor Brown 2811 (33632762780).jpg|thumb|Brown meeting with U.S. secretary of the interior [[Ryan Zinke]] in April 2017]]
Brown announced his bid for another term on February 27, 2014. On June 3, he came in first place in the primary election by over 1.5 million votes. He received 54.3% of the vote and advanced to the general election with Republican [[Neel Kashkari]], who took 19.38% of the vote.

There was only one gubernatorial debate. When asked to schedule another, Brown ultimately declined.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/06/us/politics/in-california-governors-race-jerry-brown-risks-little.html|title=In California Governor's Race, the Risks of Running a Low-Risk Campaign |newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 September 2014 |format=web|access-date=September 27, 2014|last1=Nagourney |first1=Adam }}</ref> During the debate in Sacramento on September 4, 2014, Kashkari accused Brown of failing to improve California's business climate. His leading example was the [[Tesla Motors]] factory investment, creating 6,500 manufacturing jobs, going to Nevada rather than California. Brown responded that the cash payment upfront required by the investment would have been unfair to California taxpayers.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Williams|first1=Juliet|title=Brown, Kashkari clash over education, business climate in only California governor's debate |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2014/09/05/brown-slammed-over-tesla-in-california-debate|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> A range of issues were debated, including recent legislation for a [[Phase-out of lightweight plastic bags#California|ban on plastic bags]] at grocery stores that Brown promised to sign and Kashkari thought unimportant.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/06/us/politics/in-california-governors-race-jerry-brown-risks-little.html |title=In California Governor's Race, the Risks of Running a Low-Risk Campaign |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 6, 2014 |access-date=September 27, 2014}}</ref>

Brown said that if he were elected to a fourth and final term, he would continue transferring power to local authorities, particularly over education and criminal justice policy, and would resist fellow Democrats' "gold rush for new programs and spending".<ref name=buildon/>

In the general election, Brown was re-elected with 4,388,368 votes (60.0%) to Kashkari’s 2,929,213. He was sworn in for a final term specifically on January Monday 5, 2015. His stated goals for his unprecedented fourth term in office were to construct the [[California High-Speed Rail]], to create [[Bay Delta Conservation Plan|tunnels to shore up the state's water system]] and to curb carbon dioxide emissions. He still had $20 million in campaign funds to advance his ballot measures in case the legislature didn't support his plans.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-10/jerry-brown-sets-california-on-a-course-of-public-works.html |title=Jerry Brown Sets California on a Course of Public Works |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg |date=November 10, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2014}}</ref>

In October 2015, Brown signed off the [[California End of Life Option Act]] allowing residents of California who fulfilled strict criteria to exercise the [[right to die]] by accessing [[Euthanasia|medical aid in dying]]. During the sign off he took the unusual step of adding a personal message indicating his dilemma regarding the consideration of the ethical issues involved and stating that he felt unable to deny the right of choice to others.<ref name="nyt2017">{{cite news|last1=Lovett|first1=Ian|last2=Perez-Pena|first2=Richard|title=California Governor Signs Assisted Suicide Bill Into Law|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/06/us/california-governor-signs-assisted-suicide-bill-into-law.html|website=The New York Times|date=5 October 2015|access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Edmund G.|title=Letter to the members of the California State Assembly|url=https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/ABX2_15_Signing_Message.pdf|website=Office of Governor Edmund G. Brown|publisher=State of California|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115040913/https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/ABX2_15_Signing_Message.pdf|archive-date=15 November 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

On December 18, 2015, Brown moved into the Historic Governor's Mansion, now part of [[Governor's Mansion State Historic Park]].

In 2016, Brown vetoed a bill to exempt [[feminine hygiene products]] from state sales taxes, at the same time that he vetoed other bills which would also have exempted diapers, saying that collectively, these exemptions would have reduced state revenues by $300 million annually, and stated “As I said last year, tax breaks are the same as new spending – they both cost the general fund money.”<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bernstein|first=Sharon|date=2016-09-13|title=California governor vetoes bill to repeal tampon tax|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-tampon-idUSKCN11J2QK|access-date=2021-05-06}}</ref>

In the 2018–2019 budget plan that Brown released on January 10, 2018, the governor proposed spending $120 million to establish California's first fully online community college by fall 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Teresa|first1=Wantanabe|title=Gov. Brown proposes California's first fully online public community college|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-online-community-college-20170110-story.html|access-date=13 January 2018|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=10 January 2018}}</ref>

Legislative accomplishments in Brown's final term include passing [[California Senate Bill 54 (2017)|California Sanctuary Law SB 54]], which prevents police from complying with most requests by the [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] (ICE) to hold illegal immigrants for deportation; [[California Senate Bill 32]], which requires the state to reduce [[greenhouse gas emissions]] to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030, extending the state's cap and trade system (which had originally been outlined by the [[Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006]]) to achieve this goal; and passing the [[Road Repair and Accountability Act]]. Brown has opposed the [[California Proposition 6 (2018)|Proposition 6]] ballot measure to repeal the Road Repair and Accountability Act,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-gas-tax-repeal-november-ballot-20180625-story.html|title=California ballot will include gas tax repeal in November|last=McGreevy|first=Patrick|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=26 June 2018|access-date=2018-07-06}}</ref> and endorsed [[Gavin Newsom]] to eventually succeed him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-may-2018-gov-jerry-brown-rallies-democrats-to-1528923917-htmlstory.html|title=Gov. Jerry Brown rallies Democrats to elect Gavin Newsom as his successor|last=McGreevy|first=Patrick|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2018-07-09}}</ref>

Brown has been criticized for his links to the oil and gas industry, notably for contributions from, and his family ties to, [[Sempra Energy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/watchdog/sd-me-sempra-report-20170801-story.html|title=Consumer report alleges conflicts of interest between Gov. Brown and Sempra|last=McDonald|first=Jeff|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=2018-09-27|language=en-US}}</ref>

By September 2018, Brown had granted more than 1,100 pardons since returning to office in 2011; more pardons than any California governor in recent history.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/30/jerry-brown-has-pardoned-more-felons-than-any-governor-in-recent-state-history/|title=Jerry Brown has pardoned more felons than any governor in recent state history|date=2016-12-30|work=The Mercury News|access-date=2018-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/in-commuting-20-murder-convicts-sentences-california-governor-draws-praise-condemnation/2018/09/09/de31525e-b2ed-11e8-aed9-001309990777_story.html|title=In commuting 20 murder convicts' sentences, California governor draws praise, condemnation|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref> Brown commuted more than 82 sentences, the highest number since at least the 1940s.<ref name=":1" />