Editing Jean-Paul Marat (section)

===Memory in the Revolution===
[[File:Jacques-Louis David - La Mort de Marat.jpg|thumb|right|''[[The Death of Marat]]'' by [[Jacques-Louis David]] (1793)]]
[[File:Joseph Roques - La mort de Marat - 1793.jpg|thumb|''The Death of Marat'' by [[Guillaume-Joseph Roques]] (1793); a knife lies on the floor at lower left in the paintings by Roques and David]]
Marat's assassination led to his [[apotheosis]]. The painter [[Jacques-Louis David]], a member of one of the two "Great Committees" (the Committee of General Security), was asked to organise a grand funeral.<ref name=Schama>{{cite book|ref=Schama |author=Schama, Simon|title=Citizens: A chronicle of the French Revolution|year=1989|isbn=0-679-72610-1|pages= 742–744|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing }}</ref> David was also asked to paint Marat's death, and took up the task of immortalising him in the painting ''[[The Death of Marat]]''.<ref name=":0" />  The extreme decomposition of Marat's body made any realistic depiction impossible, and David's work beautified the skin that was discoloured and scabbed from his chronic skin disease in an attempt to create antique virtue. The resulting painting is thus not an accurate representation of Marat's death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/art/neocl_dav_marat.html|title=The Death of Marat – Jacques-Louis David|website=bc.edu|access-date=4 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219102026/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/art/neocl_dav_marat.html|archive-date=19 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a result of this work, David was later criticised as glorifying the Jacobin's death.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}

The entire National Convention attended Marat's funeral, and he was buried under a [[Weeping willow (tree)|weeping willow]] in the garden of the former ''Club des Cordeliers'' (former [[Cordeliers Convent|''Couvent des Cordeliers'']]).<ref name=Schama/> After Marat's death, he was viewed by many as a martyr for the revolution, and was immortalized in various ways to preserve the values he stood for. His heart was embalmed separately and placed in an urn in an altar erected to his memory at the ''Cordeliers'' to inspire speeches that were similar in style to Marat's journalism.<ref>[[#Andress|Andress]], p. 191.</ref> On his tomb, the inscription on a plaque read, "Unité, Indivisibilité de la République, Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité ou la mort." His remains were transferred to the [[Panthéon, Paris|Panthéon]] on 21 September 1794<ref>[[#Conner2012|Conner (2012)]], p. 149</ref> and his near messianic role in the Revolution was confirmed with the elegy: ''Like Jesus, Marat loved ardently the people, and only them. Like Jesus, Marat hated kings, nobles, priests, rogues and, like Jesus, he never stopped fighting against these plagues of the people.'' The eulogy was given by the [[Marquis de Sade]], delegate of the Section Piques and an ally of Marat's faction in the National Convention.<ref>Du Plessix Gray, Francine (2013) ''At Home with the Marquis De Sade''. Random House. {{ISBN|978-1448163069}}</ref><ref>Gibson, Kenneth (2012) ''Killer Doctors The Ultimate Betrayal of Trust''. Neil Wilson Publishing</ref>

[[File:Statue de Marat au château de Vizille.jpg|thumb|Statue of Marat in front of the [[Musée de la Révolution française]]]]
On 19 November, the port city of Le Havre-de-Grâce changed its name to Le Havre-de-Marat and then Le Havre-Marat.<ref>Coles, David E. A. (2014) ''The French Revolution''. Friesen Press. p. 134. {{ISBN|1460251539}}</ref> When the Jacobins started their [[Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution|dechristianisation]] campaign to set up the ''[[Cult of Reason]]'' of [[Jacques Hébert|Hébert]] and [[Pierre Gaspard Chaumette|Chaumette]] and later the ''[[Cult of the Supreme Being]]'' of the Committee of Public Safety, Marat was made a quasi-[[saint]], and his bust often replaced [[crucifix]]es in the former churches of Paris.<ref>Miller, Stephen (2001) ''Three Deaths and Enlightenment Thought: Hume, Johnson, Marat''. Bucknell University Press. p. 125. {{ISBN|978-1611481402}}</ref>

After the [[Thermidorian Reaction]], Marat's reputation decreased. On 13 January 1795, Le Havre-Marat became simply [[Le Havre]], the name it bears today. In February, his coffin was removed from the [[Panthéon]] and his busts and sculptures were destroyed. The 4 February 1795 (16 Pluviôse) issue of [[Le Moniteur Universel]] reported how, two days earlier, "his busts had been knocked off their pedestals in several theatres and that some children had carried one of these busts about the streets, insulting it [before] dumping it in the rue [[Montmartre]] sewer to shouts of 'Marat, voilà ton [[Panthéon]] !' [Marat, here is your Panthéon]<ref>Buchez, Philippe-Joseph-Benjamin (1838) ''Histoire Parlementaire de la Révolution française, ou Journal des Assemblées Nationales, depuis 1789 jusqu'en 1815'', Vol. 36, Paulin, Paris, p. 230.</ref> His final resting place is the cemetery of the church of [[Saint-Étienne-du-Mont]].<ref name=Fremont/>

A bronze sculpture of Marat was removed from [[Parc des Buttes Chaumont]] and was melted down during the [[Nazi]] occupation of Paris.<ref name="messynessychic">{{cite web|url=http://www.messynessychic.com/2016/01/07/where-the-statues-of-paris-were-sent-to-die/|publisher=messynessychic.com|title=Where the Statues of Paris were sent to Die|date=7 January 2016|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref> Another was created in 2013 for the [[Musée de la Révolution française]].

He continued to be held in high regard in the [[Soviet Union]]. [[Marat (name)|Marat]] became a common name, and [[Marat Fjord]] in [[Severnaya Zemlya]] was named after him. Russian battleship [[Russian battleship Petropavlovsk (1911)|''Petropavlovsk'']] ({{langx|ru|link=no|Петропавловск}}) was renamed [[Soviet battleship Marat|''Marat'']] in 1921.<ref>McLaughlin, Stephen (2003). Russian & Soviet Battleships. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, p. 321.</ref> A street in the centre of [[Sevastopol]] was named after Marat ({{langx|ru|link=no|Улица Марата}}) on 3 January 1921, shortly after the [[Bolshevik]]s took over the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sevastopol.info/streets/marata.htm|title=Улица Марата:: Улицы Севастополя [Streets of Sevastopol – Marat Street]|website=www.sevastopol.info}}</ref>