Editing Jane Jacobs (section)

== Criticism ==
The planners and developers she fought against to preserve the [[West Village]] were among those who initially criticized her ideas. [[Robert Moses]] has generally been identified as her arch-rival during this period. One of their primary differences was their opposite views, the "top down" aggressive approach practiced by Moses contrasted the "bottom up" approach practiced by Jacobs that considered the community.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/1005567/top-down-and-bottom-up-urban-planning-a-synergetic-approach | title=Top-Down and Bottom-Up Urban Planning: A Synergetic Approach | last=Gattupalli | first=Ankitha | date=21 August 2023 | website=ArchDaily}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/city-making-doesnt-have-to-be-top-down-vs-bottom-up | title=City making doesn't have to be top down vs bottom up | last=Depani | first=Alpa | date=6 May 2022 | website= The Architectural Review}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://insideouttours.com/2021/04/30/jane-jacobs-and-the-future-of-architecture-and-city-planning/ | title=Jane Jacobs and the Future of Architecture and City Planning | date=30 April 2021 | website=Inside Out Tours }}</ref> Since then, Jacobs's ideas have been analysed many times, often in regard to the outcomes that their influences have produced.<ref name=Klemek_2011 /><ref name=Glaeser_2010-05-04>[[Edward Glaeser|Glaeser, Edward L.]] (2010) [https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/05/04/taller-buildings-cheaper-homes/ Taller Buildings, Cheaper Homes]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', 4 May 2010 6:02&nbsp;am</ref><ref name=W>{{cite web|last=Cowen|first=T.|title=Why I cannot fall fully for Jane Jacobs' Marginal Revolution|access-date=14 May 2011|date=25 May 2006|url=http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2006/05/why_i_cannot_fa.html|website=Marginalrevolution.com}}</ref><ref name=Ouroussoff_2006-04-30>[[Nicolai Ouroussoff|Ouroussoff, Nicolai]] (2006) [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/weekinreview/outgrowing-jane-jacobs-and-her-new-york.html Outgrowing Jane Jacobs and Her New York]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', Published 30 April 2006</ref><ref>Moskowitz, Peter (2016) [http://www.slate.com/articles/business/metropolis/2016/05/happy_100th_birthday_jane_jacobs_it_s_time_to_stop_deifying_you.html Bulldoze Jane Jacobs] It's time to stop glorifying her theories. ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'', 4 May 2016</ref><ref>Bratishenko, Lev (2016) [http://reviewcanada.ca/magazine/2016/10/jane-jacobss-tunnel-vision/ Jane Jacobs's Tunnel Vision] Why our cities need less Jane Jacobs. ''[[Literary Review of Canada]]'', October 2016</ref>

In places such as the West Village, the factors that she argued would maintain economic and cultural diversity have led instead to [[gentrification]] and some of the most expensive real estate in the world. Her family's conversion of an old candy shop into a home is an example of the gentrifying trend that would continue under the influence of Jacobs's ideas.<ref name=Klemek_2011 /><ref name=Glaeser_2010-05-04 />

Gentrification also was caused, however, by "the completely unexpected influx of affluent residents back into the inner city".<ref name=Klemek_2011 /> The extent to which her ideas facilitated this phenomenon was at the time unimaginable. For example, she advocated the preservation of older buildings specifically because their lack of economic value made them affordable for poor people. In this respect, she saw them as "guarantors of social diversity".<ref name=Klemek_2011 /> That many of these older structures have increased in economic value solely due to their age was implausible in 1961. Issues of gentrification have dominated criticism of Jane Jacobs's planning ideas.<ref name=Ouroussoff_2006-04-30 />

Economist [[Tyler Cowen]] has criticized her ideas for not addressing problems of scale or infrastructure, and suggests that economists disagree with some of her approaches to development.<ref name=W /> For example, although her ideas of planning were praised at times as "universal",<ref name="Lang, G 2009" /> they are now thought inapplicable when a city grows from one million to ten million (as has happened many times in developing nations). Such arguments suggest that her ideas apply only to cities with similar issues to those of New York, where Jacobs developed many of them.