Editing Italian East Africa (section)

===Yekatit 12===
{{main|Yekatit 12}}
On 19 February 1937, to celebrate the birth of the [[Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples|Prince of Naples]], [[Rodolfo Graziani]] announced he would personally distribute alms to the poor at the [[Guenete Leul Palace|Genete Leul Palace]] (also known as the Little Gebbi). Two young [[Eritreans]] living in Ethiopia named Abraha Deboch and Mogus Asgedom made an attempt on Graziani's life by throwing grenades.<ref name="Mockler2003">{{cite book |last1=Mockler |first1=Anthony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aOZKULYp5FAC |title=Haile Selassie's War |publisher=[[Signal Books]] |year=2003 |isbn=9781902669533 |edition=3rd |publication-place=Oxford |pages=163–173 |language=English |chapter=Chapter 14: Yekatit 12 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aOZKULYp5FAC&pg=PA174 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Following the attempt, Italian soldiers raided the [[Debre Libanos]] monastery, where the assassins were believed to have taken refuge, and executed hundreds of the monks and nuns.<ref name="cann"/>{{rp|5}} Italian forces, mostly [[Blackshirt]]s, then continued to carry out brutal reprisals in [[Addis Ababa]]. Over the next three days, thousands of Ethiopian civilians were massacred, according to Ethiopian estimates, ranging from 19,000 to 30,000 deaths. Italian troops, [[Blackshirt]] militias, and Fascist supporters set fire to homes, businesses, and churches, killing indiscriminately.<ref name="cann"/>{{rp|5}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sarti |first1=Roland |title=The Ax Within: Italian Fascism in Action |year=1974 |publisher=New Viewpoints |isbn=978-0-53-106367-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/axwithinitalianf0000sart/page/191 191] |language=en |oclc=600764772 |url=https://archive.org/details/axwithinitalianf0000sart/page/191}}</ref> The massacre has come to be known as [[Yekatit 12]] (the date in the Ethiopian language).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=Ian |title="Yekatit" 12 Revisited: New Light on the Strike Against Graziani |journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies |year=2007 |volume=40 |issue=1/2 |pages=135–154 |issn=0304-2243 |jstor=41988224}}</ref> After the massacres, Graziani became known as "the Butcher of Ethiopia" and was subsequently removed by [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mockler |first1=Anthony |title=Haile Selassie's War: The Italian-Ethiopian Campaign, 1939–1941 |year=1985 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-39-454222-5 |language=en |oclc=516514436}}</ref> Mussolini viewed the action as a major setback for Fascist propaganda and was concerned that the growing resentment among the natives would increase the number of individuals joining the resistance.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Knox |first1=MacGregor |title=Mussolini Unleashed, 1939–1941: Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy's Last War |year=2005 |publisher=ACLS History E-Book Project |page=150 |language=en |oclc=278096179}}</ref> As a result, Graziani was replaced by [[Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta]], whose pacification by apartheid approach minimized the risk of a united front against the Italians as an aftermath of the massacre.{{sfn|Campbell|2017|p=338-339}} 

<gallery mode="packed"  heights="160" class="center">
File:Graziani ferito.jpg|[[Rodolfo Graziani]] after surviving an attempt on his life
File:Ethiopian Victims of the Fascists.jpg |A victim tied to a tree
File:Vittime della strage di Addis Abeba compiuta tra il 19 e il 21 febbraio 1937.jpg|Dead bodies being loaded off of a transport 
</gallery>