Editing Issei (section)

===Internment===
{{main|Japanese Canadian internment|Internment of Japanese Americans|Japanese Peruvian#World War II}}
When the Canadian and American governments interned West Coast Japanese in 1942, neither distinguished between those who were citizens (''Nisei'') and their non-citizen parents (''Issei'').<ref>Dinnerstein, Leonard ''et al.'' (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=cOFDhehJ68gC&q=Ethnic+Americans  ''Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration,'' p. 181.]</ref> When the apology and redress for injustices were enacted by the American Congress and the Canadian Parliament in 1988, most of the ''Issei'' were dead, or too old for it to make any significant difference in lives that had been disrupted.