Editing Islamophobia (section)

===Organizations===
{{See also|List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups#Anti-Muslim}}
[[File:English Defence League protest in Newcastle.jpg|thumb|left|An English Defence League demonstration. The placard reads ''Shut down the mosque command and control centre''.]]
A report from the [[University of California Berkeley]] and the [[Council on American–Islamic Relations]] estimated that {{US$|206 million|long=no}} was funded to 33 groups whose primary purpose was "to promote prejudice against, or hatred of, Islam and Muslims" in the United States between 2008 and 2013, with a total of 74 groups contributing to [[Islamophobia in the United States]] during that period.<ref>{{cite news |title=Funding fear of Muslims: $206m went to promoting 'hatred', report finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/20/islamophobia-funding-cair-berkeley-report |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=June 20, 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Stop Islamization of America]] (SIOA) and the ''Freedom Defense Initiative'' are designated as [[hate groups]] by the [[Anti-Defamation League]]<ref>[[Anti-Defamation League]], [http://www.adl.org/main_Extremism/sioa.htm "Backgrounder: Stop Islamization of America (SIOA)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502054200/http://www.adl.org/main_Extremism/sioa.htm |date=2 May 2012 }}, ''Extremism'', 25 March 2011 [26 August 2010]. Retrieved 16 February 2012.</ref> and the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]].<ref>{{Cite news |work=The Intelligence Report |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |url=http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2011/summer/jihad-against-islam |date=Summer 2011 |issue=142 |first=Robert |last=Steinback |title=Jihad Against Islam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pamela Geller & Stop Islamization of America|url=http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/profiles/pamela-geller|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=27 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=nydaily>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-02-25/local/28647400_1_islamic-center-anti-islamic-pamela-geller |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815092825/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-02-25/local/28647400_1_islamic-center-anti-islamic-pamela-geller |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 August 2011 |work=New York Daily News |date=25 February 2011 |first=Corky |title=Southern Poverty Law Center lists anti-Islamic NYC blogger Pamela Geller, followers a hate group |last=Siemaszko}}</ref> In August 2012 SIOA generated media publicity by sponsoring billboards in [[New York City Subway]] stations claiming there had been 19,250 terrorist attacks by Muslims since 9/11 and stating "it's not Islamophobia, it's Islamorealism."<ref>*[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anti-islamic-ad-claiming-its-not-islamophobia-its-islamorealism-goes-up-in-ny-train-stations/ Anti-Islamic ad claiming "it's not Islamophobia, it's Islamorealism" goes up in NY train stations], [[Associated Press]], 17 August 2012. Note that [[Bryan Fischer]], Director of Issues Analysis for the [[American Family Association]] also used the phrase "Islamo-realism" in the column [http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/fischer/100504 Times Square another argument for restricting Muslim immigration], 4 May 2010.</ref> It later ran advertisements reading "In any war between the civilized man and the savage, support the civilized man. Support Israel. Defeat Jihad." Several groups condemned the advertisements as "hate speech" about all Muslims.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/04/pro-muslim-subway-ads-to-hang-near-anti-jihad-ads/|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Pro-Muslim Subway Ads to Hang Near Anti-Jihad Ads|date=4 Oct 2012|author=Ashwaq Masood}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jewish Council for Public Affairs|title=JCPA Condemns Bigoted, Divisive, and Unhelpful Anti-Muslim Ads|url=http://engage.jewishpublicaffairs.org/blog/comments.jsp?key=477&blog_entry_KEY=6561&t=|publisher=JCPA|access-date=21 September 2012|archive-date=28 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928194920/http://engage.jewishpublicaffairs.org/blog/comments.jsp?key=477&blog_entry_KEY=6561&t=|url-status=dead}}</ref> In early January 2013 the Freedom Defense Initiative put up advertisements next to 228 clocks in 39 New York subway stations showing the 2001 [[September 11 attacks|attacks on the World Trade Center]] with a quote attributed to the 151st verse of chapter 3 of the Quran: "Soon shall we cast terror into the hearts of the unbelievers."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=3&verse=151|title=The Quranic Arabic Corpus – Translation|website=corpus.quran.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-anti-muslim-ads-up-in-nyc-subway-stations/ New anti-Muslim ads up in NYC subway stations], [[CBS News]], 9 January 2013.</ref> The [[New York City Transit Authority]], which said it would have to carry the advertisements on [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] grounds, insisted that 25% of the ad contain a Transit Authority disclaimer.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Epstein |first = Emily Anne |date = 2012-12-07 |title = New Anti-Islam Ads to Debut This Month, Now With 25% More MTA Disclaimer |work = [[The New York Observer]] |url = https://observer.com/2012/12/pamela-geller-mta-new-anti-islam-ads-to-debut-this-month-now-with-25-more-mta-disclaimer/ |access-date = 2023-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/14/nyregion/controversial-group-has-new-anti-jihad-subway-ads.html?ref=nyregion&_r=1&|title=Controversial Group Plans More Ads in Subway Stations|date=13 Dec 2012|newspaper=New York Times|author=Matt Flegenheimer}}</ref> These advertisements also were criticized.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hussain|first=Murtaza|date=2012-12-31|title=Opinion: Anti-Muslim violence spiralling out of control in America|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al-Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2012/12/31/anti-muslim-violence-spiralling-out-of-control-in-america|access-date=2023-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ali|first=Wajahat|date=2012-12-31|title=Death by brown skin: An Indian immigrant's subway tragedy is a reminder of a destructive Islamophobia that has spread across the country|url=https://www.salon.com/2012/12/31/death_by_brown_skin/|access-date=2023-01-02|website=[[Salon.com]]}}</ref>

The [[English Defence League]] (EDL), an organization in the United Kingdom, has been described as anti-Muslim. It was formed in 2009 to oppose what it considers to be a spread of Islamism, Sharia law and [[Islamic extremism]] in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/545302|title=Differentiating Islamophobia: Introducing a new scale to measure Islamoprejudice and Secular Islam Critique |website=Academia |author=Roland Imhoff|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> The EDL's former leader, [[Tommy Robinson]], left the group in 2013 saying it had become too extreme and that street protests were ineffective.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/oct/08/tommy-robinson-english-defence-league|title=Tommy Robinson quits EDL saying it has become 'too extreme'|author=Haroon Siddique|date=8 October 2013|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>

Furthermore, the [[7 July 2005 London bombings]] and the resulting efforts of the British civil and law enforcement authorities to help seek British Muslims' help in identifying potential threats to create prevention is observed by Michael Lavalette as institutionalized Islamophobia. Lavalette alleges that there is a continuity between the former two British governments over prevention that aims to stop young Muslim people from being misled, misdirected and recruited by extremists who exploit grievances for their own "jihadist" endeavors. Asking and concentrating on Muslim communities and young Muslims to prevent future instances, by the authorities, is in itself Islamophobia as such since involvement of Muslim communities will highlight and endorse their compassion for Britain and negate the perceived threats from within their communities.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Race, Racism and Social Work: Contemporary issues and debates|last = Lavalette|first = Michael|publisher = Policy Press at the University of Bristol|year = 2014|location = England|pages = 167–90|chapter = Institutionalised Islamophobia and the 'Prevent' agenda: 'winning hearts and minds' or welfare as surveillance and control?}}</ref>