Editing Inquisition (section)

===Portuguese Inquisition===
{{Main|Portuguese Inquisition}}
[[File:1685 - Inquisição Portugal.jpg|thumb|A copper engraving from 1685: "Die Inquisition in Portugall"]]

The Portuguese Inquisition formally started in Portugal in 1536 at the request of King [[João III]]. [[Manuel I of Portugal|Manuel I]] had asked [[Pope Leo X]] for the installation of the Inquisition in 1515, but only after his death in 1521 did [[Pope Paul III]] acquiesce. At its head stood a ''Grande Inquisidor'', or General Inquisitor, named by the Pope but selected by the Crown, and always from within the royal family.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} Jews who fled Spain and the Spanish Inquisition now found themselves subject to the Inquisition in Portugal. The Portuguese Inquisition principally focused upon the Jews from Spain, [[the Sephardi Jews]], who had fled or whom the state had forced to convert to Christianity. 

The Portuguese Inquisition held its first ''[[auto-da-fé]]'' in 1540. The Portuguese inquisitors mostly focused upon the [[Jew]]ish [[New Christians]] (i.e. ''[[conversos]]'' or ''[[marranos]]''). The Portuguese Inquisition expanded its scope of operations from Portugal to its colonial possessions, including Brazil, [[Cape Verde]], and [[Goa Inquisition|Goa]]. In the colonies, it continued as a religious court, investigating and trying cases of breaches of the tenets of orthodox Catholicism until 1821. King [[John III of Portugal|João III]] (reigned 1521–57) extended the activity of the courts to cover [[censorship]], [[divination]], [[witchcraft]], and [[bigamy]]. Originally oriented for a religious action, the Inquisition exerted an influence over almost every aspect of Portuguese society: political, cultural, and social.

According to [[Henry Charles Lea]], between 1540 and 1794, tribunals in [[Lisbon]], [[Porto]], [[Coimbra]], and [[Évora]] resulted in the burning of 1,175 persons, the burning of another 633 in effigy, and the penancing of 29,590.<ref>[[Henry Charles Lea|H. C. Lea]], ''A History of the Inquisition of Spain'', vol. 3, Book 8</ref> But documentation of 15 out of 689 autos-da-fé has disappeared, so these numbers may slightly understate the activity.<ref>{{cite book|first1=António José|last1=Saraiva|first2=Herman Prins|last2=Salomon|first3=I. S. D.|last3=Sassoon|author-link3=Isaac S.D. Sassoon|title=The Marrano Factory: the Portuguese Inquisition and its New Christians 1536–1765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eG8xUFivagkC|access-date=2010-04-13|orig-year=First published in Portuguese in 1969|year=2001|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-12080-8|page=102}}</ref>

====Inquisition in the Portuguese overseas empire====

===== Goa Inquisition =====
{{see also |Goa Inquisition}}

The [[Goa Inquisition]] began in 1560 at the order of [[John III of Portugal]]. It had originally been requested in a letter in the 1540s by [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest [[Francis Xavier]], because of the [[New Christian]]s who had arrived in Goa and then reverted to [[Judaism]]. The Goa Inquisition also focused upon Catholic converts from [[Hinduism]] or [[Islam]] who were thought to have returned to their original ways. In addition, this inquisition prosecuted non-converts who broke prohibitions against the public observance of [[Hindu]] or [[Muslim]] rites or interfered with Portuguese attempts to convert non-Christians to Catholicism.<ref name="Salomon, H. P 2001 pp. 345-7">Salomon, H. P. and Sassoon, I. S. D., in Saraiva, Antonio Jose. ''The Marrano Factory. The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians, 1536–1765'' (Brill, 2001), pgs. 345-7</ref> Aleixo Dias Falcão and Francisco Marques set it up in the palace of the [[Sabaio]] Adil Khan.

===== Brazilian Inquisition =====
The [[Portuguese Inquisition|inquisition]] was active in [[colonial Brazil]]. The religious mystic and formerly enslaved prostitute, [[Rosa Egipcíaca]] was arrested, interrogated and imprisoned, both in the colony and in Lisbon. Egipcíaca was the first black woman in Brazil to write a book – this work detailed her visions and was entitled ''[[Sagrada Teologia do Amor Divino das Almas Peregrinas]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enslaved: Peoples of the Historical Slave Trade|url=https://enslaved.org/fullStory?kid=16-23-102088|access-date=2021-08-21|website=enslaved.org|archive-date=2021-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821132134/https://enslaved.org/fullStory?kid=16-23-102088|url-status=live}}</ref>''