Editing Industrial Workers of the World (section)

====1960s rejuvenation====

The 1960s [[civil rights movement]], anti-war protests, and various university student movements brought new life to the IWW, albeit with many fewer new members than the great organizing drives of the early part of the 20th century.

The first signs of new life for the IWW in the 1960s were organizing efforts among students in San Francisco and Berkeley, which were hotbeds of student radicalism at the time. This targeting of students resulted in a Bay Area branch of the union with over a hundred members in 1964, almost as many as the union's total membership in 1961. Wobblies old and new united for one more "[[free speech fight]]": Berkeley's [[Free Speech Movement]]. Riding on this high, the decision in 1967 to allow college and university students to join the [[Education Workers Industrial Union]] (IU 620) as full members spurred campaigns in 1968 at the [[University of Waterloo]] in Ontario, the [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]], and the [[University of Michigan]] in Ann Arbor.<ref name=nothingincommon>{{cite book |editor-last=Silvano |editor-first=John |title=Nothing in Common: An Oral History of IWW Strikes 1971–1992 |date=1999 |isbn=978-1-892779-22-9 |lccn=99-65777 |publisher=[[Cedar Publishing]] |location=[[Cedar Rapids, Iowa]] |url=https://archive.org/details/nothingincommon00john }}</ref>{{rp|13}} The IWW sent representatives to [[Students for a Democratic Society]] conventions in 1967, 1968, and 1969, and as the SDS collapsed into infighting, the IWW gained members fleeing this discord. These changes had a profound effect on the union, which by 1972 had 67% of members under the age of 30, with a total of nearly 500 members.<ref name=nothingincommon />{{rp|14}}

The IWW's links to the 1960s counterculture led to organizing campaigns at counterculture businesses, as well as a wave of over two dozen co-ops affiliating with the IWW under its [[Wobbly Shop]] model in the 1960s to 1980s. These businesses were primarily in printing, publishing, and food distribution, from underground newspapers and radical print shops to community co-op grocery stores. Some of the printing and publishing industry co-ops and job shops included [[Fredy Perlman|Black & Red]] (Detroit), Glad Day Press (New York), RPM Press (Michigan), New Media Graphics (Ohio), Babylon Print (Wisconsin), Hill Press (Illinois), Lakeside ([[Madison, Wisconsin]]), Harbinger ([[Columbia, South Carolina]]), Eastown Printing in Grand Rapids, Michigan (where the IWW negotiated a contract in 1978),<ref name=nothingincommon />{{rp|17}} and {{lang|fr|italic=no|La Presse Populaire}} (Montreal). This close affiliation with radical publishers and printing houses sometimes led to legal difficulties for the union, such as when {{lang|fr|italic=no|La Presse Populaire}} was shut down in 1970 by provincial police for publishing pro-[[FLQ]] materials, which were banned at the time under an official censorship law. Also in 1970, the [[San Diego, California]], "street journal" {{lang|es|El Barrio}} became an official IWW shop. In 1971 its office was attacked by an organization calling itself the [[Minutemen (anti-Communist organization)|Minutemen]], and IWW member Ricardo Gonzalves was indicted for criminal syndicalism along with two members of the [[Brown Berets]].<ref name=chronology4671 />