Editing Individualism (section)

=== Humanism ===
{{main|Humanism}}
Humanism is a perspective common to a wide range of [[ethics|ethical stances]] that attaches importance to human dignity, concerns, and capabilities, particularly rationality. Although the word has many senses, its meaning comes into focus when contrasted to the supernatural or to appeals to authority.<ref>{{cite book|title=Compact Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2007|quote=humanism ''n.'' 1 a rationalistic system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. 2 a Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.|publication-date = 2007}} Typically, abridgments of this definition omit all senses except #1, such as in the [http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=38402&dict=CALD Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031230202029/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=38402&dict=CALD |date=2003-12-30 }}, [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/humanism Collins Essential English Dictionary], and {{cite book|title=Webster's Concise Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/webstersconcised00rand|url-access=registration|publisher=RHR Press|year=2001|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/webstersconcised00rand/page/177 177]|isbn=978-0375425745}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Definitions of humanism (subsection) |publisher=Institute for Humanist Studies |url=http://humaniststudies.org/humphil.html |access-date=16 Jan 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118050402/http://humaniststudies.org/humphil.html |archive-date=2007-01-18 }}</ref> Since the 19th century, humanism has been associated with an anti-clericalism inherited from the 18th-century Enlightenment ''[[philosophes]]''. 21st century Humanism tends to strongly endorse [[human rights]], including [[reproductive rights]], [[gender equality]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=Lewis S. |last2=Williamson |first2=Claudia R. |title=Does individualism promote gender equality? |journal=[[World Development (journal)|World Development]] |date=2019 |volume=123 |page=104627 |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104627}}</ref> [[social justice]], and the [[separation of church and state]]. The term covers [[Religious humanism|organized non-theistic religions]], [[secular humanism]], and a humanistic life stance.<ref>{{cite web|title=What Is Humanism?|author=Edwords, Fred|url=http://www.americanhumanist.org/who_we_are/about_humanism/What_is_Humanism|year=1989|publisher=American Humanist Association|access-date=19 August 2009|quote=Secular and Religious Humanists both share the same worldview and the same basic principles... From the standpoint of philosophy alone, there is no difference between the two. It is only in the definition of religion and in the practice of the philosophy that Religious and Secular Humanists effectively disagree.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130233229/http://www.americanhumanist.org/who_we_are/about_humanism/What_is_Humanism|archive-date=30 January 2010}}</ref>