Editing Indian independence movement (section)

===1st Christmas Day and 2nd Christmas Day plot===
{{Main|Christmas Day plot}}
The first [[Christmas Day plot]] was a conspiracy made by the Indian revolutionary movement in 1909: during the year-ending holidays, the Governor of Bengal organised at his residence a ball in the presence of the Viceroy, the Commander-in-Chief and all the high-ranking officers and officials of the Capital (Calcutta). The 10th Jat Regiment was in charge of the security. Indoctrinated by [[Jatindranath Mukherjee]], its soldiers decided to blow up the ballroom and take advantage of destroying the colonial Government. In keeping with his predecessor Otto (William Oskarovich) von Klemm, a friend of Lokamanya [[Tilak]], on 6 February 1910, M. Arsenyev, the Russian Consul-General, wrote to St Petersburg that it had been intended to "arouse in the country a general perturbation of minds and, thereby, afford the revolutionaries an opportunity to take the power in their hands."<ref name= Mukherjee>{{Harvnb|Mukherjee|2010|p=160}}</ref>  According to [[R. C. Majumdar]], "The police had suspected nothing and it is hard to say what the outcome would have been had the soldiers not been betrayed by one of their comrades who informed the authorities about the impending coup".<ref name= Majumdar-1975-281>{{Harvnb|Majumdar|1975|p=281}}</ref>

The second Christmas Day plot was to initiate an insurrection in [[Bengal]] in [[British India]] during World War I with German arms and support. Scheduled for Christmas Day, 1915, the plan was conceived and led by the [[Jugantar group]] under the Bengali Indian revolutionary Jatindranath Mukherjee, to be coordinated with simultaneous uprising in the British colony of Burma and Kingdom of [[Siam]] under direction of the [[Ghadar Party]], along with a German raid on the South Indian city of [[Madras]] and the British [[Cellular Jail|penal colony in Andaman Islands]]. The aim of the plot was to seize the Fort William, isolate Bengal and capture the capital city of [[Calcutta]], which was then to be used as a staging ground for a pan-Indian revolution. The Christmas Day plot was [[Hindu–German Conspiracy|one of]] the later plans for pan-Indian mutiny during the war that were coordinated between the Indian nationalist underground, the "[[Indian independence committee]]" set up by the Germans in Berlin, the Ghadar Party in North America, and the German Foreign office.<ref name=Hopkirk179>{{Harvnb|Hopkirk|1994|p=179}}</ref> The plot was ultimately thwarted after British intelligence uncovered the plot through German and Indian double agents in Europe and Southeast Asia.[[File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Mahendra Pratap]] (centre), President of the [[Provisional Government of India]], at the head of [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|the Mission]] with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is [[Werner Otto von Hentig]].]]