Editing Hypatia (section)

===Nineteenth century===
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| caption1  = The play ''Hypatia'', performed at the [[Theatre Royal Haymarket|Haymarket Theatre]] in January 1893, was based on the novel by Charles Kingsley.{{sfn|Watts|2017|page=142}}
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| caption2  = [[Julia Margaret Cameron]]'s 1867 photograph ''Hypatia'', also inspired by Charles Kingsley's novel{{sfn|Watts|2017|page=142}}
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In the nineteenth century European literary authors spun the legend of Hypatia as part of [[Hellenism (neoclassicism)|neo-Hellenism]], a movement that romanticised [[ancient Greeks]] and their values.{{sfn|Castner|2010|page=50}} Interest in the "literary legend of Hypatia" began to rise.{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|page=3}} [[Diodata Saluzzo Roero]]'s 1827 ''Ipazia ovvero delle Filosofie'' suggested that Cyril had actually converted Hypatia to Christianity, and that she had been killed by a "treacherous" priest.<ref>{{citation|last=Saluzzo Roero|first=Diodata|author-link=Diodata Saluzzo Roero|title=Ipazia ovvero Delle filosofie poema di Diodata Saluzzo Roero.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3yuDMLnlrWsC&pg=PA24|year=1827}}</ref>

[[File:Hypatia (Charles Mitchell).jpg|thumb|''Hypatia'' (1885) by [[Charles William Mitchell]], believed to be a depiction of a scene in [[Charles Kingsley]]'s 1853 novel ''[[Hypatia (novel)|Hypatia]]''<ref name="DeathofHypatia">{{citation|last1=Grout|first1=James|title=The Death of Hypatia|url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/greece/paganism/mitchell.html|website=Penelope|publisher=University of Chicago}}</ref>{{sfn|Booth|2017|pages=21–22}}]]
In his 1852 ''Hypatie'' and 1857 ''Hypathie et Cyrille'', French poet [[Leconte de Lisle|Charles Leconte de Lisle]] portrayed Hypatia as the epitome of "vulnerable truth and beauty".{{sfn|Edwards|1999|page=112}} Leconte de Lisle's first poem portrayed Hypatia as a woman born after her time, a victim of the laws of history.{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|page=4}}{{sfn|Booth|2017|pages=20–21}} His second poem reverted to the eighteenth-century Deistic portrayal of Hypatia as the victim of Christian brutality,{{sfn|Booth|2017|pages=21–22}}{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|pages=4–5}} but with the twist that Hypatia tries and fails to convince Cyril that Neoplatonism and Christianity are actually fundamentally the same.{{sfn|Booth|2017|pages=21–22}}{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|pages=5–6}} [[Charles Kingsley]]'s 1853 novel ''[[Hypatia (novel)|Hypatia; Or, New Foes with an Old Face]]'' was originally intended as a historical treatise, but instead became a typical mid-[[Victorian era|Victorian]] romance with a militantly anti-Catholic message,{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|page=8}}{{sfn|Booth|2017|page=15}} portraying Hypatia as a "helpless, pretentious, and erotic heroine"<ref>{{citation |title= The woman and the lyre: Women writers in classical Greece and Rome |last=Snyder |first= J.M. |year=1989 |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |location=Carbondale, IL }}</ref> with the "spirit of Plato and the body of [[Aphrodite]]."{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|page=9}}

Kingsley's novel was tremendously popular;{{sfn|Watts|2017|pages=141–142}}{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|page=11}} it was translated into several European languages{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|page=11}}{{sfn|Watts|2017|page=141}} and remained continuously in print for the rest of the century.{{sfn|Watts|2017|page=141}} It promoted the romantic vision of Hypatia as "the last of the Hellenes"{{sfn|Dzielska|1996|page=11}} and was quickly adapted into a broad variety of stage productions, the first of which was a play written by Elizabeth Bowers, performed in [[Philadelphia]] in 1859, starring the writer in the titular role.{{sfn|Watts|2017|page=141}} On 2 January 1893, a much higher-profile stage play adaptation ''Hypatia'', written by G. Stuart Ogilvie and produced by [[Herbert Beerbohm Tree]], opened at the [[Theatre Royal Haymarket|Haymarket Theatre]] in London. The title role was initially played by [[Julia Neilson]], and it featured an elaborate musical score written by the composer [[Hubert Parry]].{{sfn|Macqueen-Pope|1948|p=337}}{{sfn|Archer|2013|p=9}} The novel also spawned works of visual art,{{sfn|Watts|2017|page=142}} including an 1867 image portraying Hypatia as a young woman by the [[history of photography|early photographer]] [[Julia Margaret Cameron]]{{sfn|Watts|2017|page=142}}<ref>{{citation|last1=Marsh|first1=Jan|last2=Nunn|first2=Pamela Gerrish|title=Pre-Raphaelite women artists: Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon …|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SlExAQAAIAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Manchester City Art Galleries|isbn=978-0-901673-55-8}}</ref> and an 1885 painting by [[Charles William Mitchell]] showing a nude Hypatia standing before an altar in a church.{{sfn|Watts|2017|page=142}}

At the same time, European philosophers and scientists described Hypatia as the last representative of science and free inquiry before a "long [[Middle Ages|medieval]] decline".{{sfn|Castner|2010|page=50}} In 1843, German authors Soldan and Heppe argued in their highly influential ''History of the Witchcraft Trials'' that Hypatia may have been, in effect, the first famous "[[witchcraft|witch]]" punished under Christian authority (see [[witch-hunt]]).<ref>{{citation|last=Soldan|first=Wilhelm Gottlieb|title=Geschichte der Hexenprozesse: aus dem Qvellen Dargestellt|url=https://archive.org/details/geschichtederhe00soldgoog|year=1843|publisher=Cotta}}, p.82.</ref>

Hypatia was honored as an astronomer when [[238 Hypatia]], a [[Asteroid belt|main belt]] asteroid discovered in 1884, was named for her. The [[lunar crater]] ''[[Hypatia (crater)|Hypatia]]'' was also named for her, in addition to craters named for her father Theon. The 180&nbsp;km ''Rimae Hypatia'' are located north of the crater, one degree south of the equator, along the [[Mare Tranquillitatis]].{{sfn|Booth|2017|page=27}}