Editing Huldrych Zwingli (section)

==Music==
Zwingli enjoyed music and could play several instruments, including the [[violin]], [[harp]], [[flute]], [[dulcimer]] and hunting horn. He would sometimes amuse the children of his congregation on his [[lute]] and was so well known for his playing that his enemies mocked him as "the evangelical lute-player and fifer." <!-- Aber der gute Zwingli pfiff darauf. ;) --> Three of Zwingli's ''[[Lied]]er'' or hymns have been preserved: the ''Pestlied'' mentioned above, an adaptation of [[Psalms|Psalm]] 65 ({{Circa|1525}}), and the ''Kappeler Lied'', which is believed to have been composed during the campaign of the first war of Kappel (1529).<ref>Hannes Reimann, ''Huldrych Zwingli – der Musiker'', ''[[Archiv für Musikwissenschaft]]'' 17 2./3. (1960), pp. 126–141</ref> These songs were not meant to be sung during worship services and are not identified as hymns of the Reformation, though they were published in some 16th-century hymnals.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|p=108}}</ref>
[[File:Ulrich Zwingli by Asper.jpg|thumb|Painting of Zwingli by [[Hans Asper]]]]
Zwingli criticized the practice of priestly chanting and monastic choirs. The criticism dates from 1523 when he attacked certain worship practices. His arguments are detailed in the Conclusions of 1525, in which, Conclusions 44, 45 and 46 are concerned with musical practices under the rubric of "prayer". He associated music with images and vestments, all of which he felt diverted people's attention from true spiritual worship. It is not known what he thought of the musical practices in early Lutheran churches. Zwingli, however, eliminated instrumental music from worship in the church, stating that God had not commanded it in worship.<ref>Leith, John H, ''Introduction to the Reformed Tradition'', Westminster John Knox Press, {{ISBN|0-8042-0479-9}} pp. 210–211</ref> The organist of the People's Church in Zurich is recorded as weeping upon seeing the great organ broken up.<ref name="Chadwick439">Chadwick, Owen, ''The Reformation'', Penguin, 1990, p. 439</ref> Although Zwingli did not express an opinion on congregational singing, he made no effort to encourage it.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gäbler|1986|pp=107–108}}</ref> Nevertheless, scholars have found that Zwingli was supportive of a role for music in the church. Gottfried W. Locher writes, "The old assertion 'Zwingli was against church singing' holds good no longer&nbsp;... Zwingli's polemic is concerned exclusively with the medieval Latin choral and priestly chanting and not with the hymns of evangelical congregations or choirs". Locher goes on to say that "Zwingli freely allowed vernacular psalm or choral singing. In addition, he even seems to have striven for lively, antiphonal, unison recitative". Locher then summarizes his comments on Zwingli's view of church music as follows: "The chief thought in his conception of worship was always 'conscious attendance and understanding'—'devotion', yet with the lively participation of all concerned".<ref name="zwinglis thought">{{Harvnb|Locher|1981|pp=61–62}}</ref>