Editing Hippie (section)

===Politics===
{{See also|Flower power|Make love, not war}}
{{Quote_box
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 | quote = "The hippies were heirs to a long line of bohemians that includes [[William Blake]], [[Walt Whitman]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], [[Henry David Thoreau]], [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Arthur Rimbaud]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Aldous Huxley]], utopian movements like the [[Rosicrucians]] and the [[Theosophists]], and most directly the [[Beatniks]]. Hippies emerged from a society that had produced birth-control pills, a counterproductive war in Vietnam, the liberation and idealism of the [[civil rights movement]], feminism, homosexual rights, FM radio, mass-produced [[LSD]], a strong economy, and a huge number of [[Baby-boom generation|baby-boom teenagers]]. These elements allowed the hippies to have a mainstream impact that dwarfed that of the [[Beat Generation|Beats]] and earlier [[avant-garde]] cultures."
|source= [https://web.archive.org/web/20111129151747/http://dissentmagazine.org/online.php?id=552 "In Defense of Hippies"] by Danny Goldberg<ref name="hare" />}}

For the historian of the [[anarchist]] movement [[Ronald Creagh]], the hippie movement could be considered as the last spectacular resurgence of [[utopian socialism]].<ref name="wikiwix.com">{{citation |url=http://endehors.net/news/communes-communautes-milieux-libres%26title%3Dpr%C3%A9sentation%20en%20ligne |title=Ronald Creagh. ''Laboratoires de l'utopie. Les communautés libertaires aux États-Unis''. Paris. Payot. 1983. pg. 11 |website=Wikiwix.com |access-date=2014-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071503/http://endehors.net/news/communes-communautes-milieux-libres%26title%3Dpr%C3%A9sentation%20en%20ligne |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> For Creagh, a characteristic of this is the desire for the transformation of society not through political revolution, or through reformist action pushed forward by the state, but through the creation of a counter-society of a [[Libertarian socialism|socialist]] character in the midst of the current system, which will be made up of ideal communities of a more or less [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] social form.<ref name="wikiwix.com"/>

The [[Peace symbols|peace symbol]] was developed in the UK as a logo for the [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]], and was embraced by U.S. anti-war protesters during the 1960s. Hippies were often [[pacifism|pacifists]], and participated in [[nonviolent]] political demonstrations, such as [[Civil Rights Movement]], the [[protest|marches on Washington, D.C.]], and [[Opposition to the Vietnam War|anti–Vietnam War]] demonstrations, including [[draft-card burning]]s and the [[1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity|1968 Democratic National Convention protests]].<ref name="Tribune">{{citation|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/politics/elections/1968-democratic-convention-EVHST000046.topic|title=1968 Democratic Convention|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|access-date=2008-09-08}}</ref> The degree of political involvement varied widely among hippies, from those who were active in peace demonstrations, to the more anti-authority street theater and demonstrations of the [[Youth International Party|Yippies]], the most politically active hippie sub-group.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shannon |first=Phil |date=June 18, 1997 |title=Yippies, politics and the state |series=Cultural Dissent  |publisher=[[Green Left Weekly]] |issue=278 |url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/1997/278/16698 |access-date=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126015333/http://www.greenleft.org.au/1997/278/16698 |archive-date=January 26, 2009 }}</ref> [[Bobby Seale]] discussed the differences between Yippies and hippies with [[Jerry Rubin]], who told him that Yippies were the political wing of the hippie movement, as hippies have not "necessarily become political yet". Regarding the political activity of hippies, Rubin said, "They mostly prefer to be stoned, but most of them want peace, and they want an end to this stuff."<ref name="Seale_1991_350">{{harvnb|Seale|1991|p=350}}.</ref>

In addition to nonviolent political demonstrations, hippie opposition to the Vietnam War included organizing political action groups to oppose the war, refusal to serve in the military and conducting "[[teach-in]]s" on college campuses that covered Vietnamese history and the larger political context of the war.<ref name="Junker">{{Citation|last1=Junker|first1=Detlef |last2=Gassert |first2=Philipp|title=The United States and Germany in the Era of the Cold War, 1945-1990|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|page=424|isbn=0-521-83420-1}}</ref>

Scott McKenzie's 1967 rendition of John Phillips' song "[[San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)]]", which helped to inspire the hippie Summer of Love, became a homecoming song for all Vietnam veterans arriving in San Francisco from 1967 onward. McKenzie has dedicated every American performance of "San Francisco" to Vietnam veterans, and he sang in 2002 at the 20th anniversary of the dedication of the [[Vietnam Veterans Memorial]].<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.vvmf.org/about-vvmf/FAQs/|title=Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund Frequently Asked Questions|website=www.vvmf.org| access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref> Hippie political expression often took the form of "dropping out" of society to implement the changes they sought.
[[File:Sharing a joint.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tahquitz Canyon]], Palm Springs, California, 1969, sharing a joint]]

Politically motivated movements aided by hippies include the [[back to the land movement]] of the 1960s, [[cooperative|cooperative business enterprises]], [[alternative energy]], the [[Freedom of the press|free press]] movement, and [[organic farming]].<ref name="Morford" /><ref name="Turner_2006_3239">{{harvnb|Turner|2006|pp=32–39}}.</ref>

The San Francisco group known as [[Diggers (theater)|the Diggers]] articulated an influential radical criticism of contemporary mass consumer society, and so they opened [[free stores]] which simply gave away their stock, provided free food, distributed free drugs, gave away money, organized free music concerts, and performed works of political art.<ref name="Lytle_2006_213215"/> The Diggers took their name from the original [[Diggers|English Diggers]] (1649–50) led by [[Gerrard Winstanley]],<ref name="Digger Archives">{{citation |url=http://www.diggers.org/overview.htm |title= Overview: who were (are) the Diggers? |access-date=2007-06-17 | work=The Digger Archives}}</ref> and they sought to create a mini-society [[Criticism of capitalism|free of money and capitalism]].<ref name="American Experience doc">{{citation
 |author       = [[Gail Dolgin]]; Vicente Franco
 |date         = 2007
 |title        = American Experience: The Summer of Love
 |url          = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/love/index.html
 |publisher    = PBS
 |access-date  = 2007-04-23
 |archive-date = 2017-03-25
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170325104758/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/love/index.html
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref>

Such activism was ideally carried through [[anti-authoritarian]] and [[non-violent]] means; thus it was observed that "The way of the hippie is antithetical to all repressive hierarchical power structures since they are adverse to the hippie goals of peace, love and freedom... Hippies don't impose their beliefs on others. Instead, hippies seek to change the world through reason and by living what they believe."<ref name="Stonepolitics">{{harvnb|Stone|1999|loc=[http://www.hipplanet.com/books/atoz/sex.htm "The Way of the Hippy"]}}</ref>

The political ideals of hippies influenced other movements, such as [[anarcho-punk]], [[rave culture]], [[green politics]], [[stoner culture]] and the [[New Age]] movement. Arguments can be made that being "[[woke]]" is only the latest natural offshoot of hipness, since both seek heightened "awareness" of one's surroundings (social, political, sexual etc.). For example, John Leland elaborates on the origins of coded language from African American slaves as a type of aware hipness and documents connections to downtrodden Jews and other minorities in American society in ''Hip: The History''.<ref name="Leland">{{Citation|title=Hip:The History |last1=Leland |first1=John|year=2004|publisher=Ecco |location=New York. |isbn=978-0-06-052817-1}}</ref>
[[Penny Rimbaud]] of the English anarcho-punk band [[Crass]] said in interviews, and in an essay called ''The Last of the Hippies'', that Crass was formed in memory of his friend [[Wally Hope]].<ref>{{Citation |title=The Last Of The Hippies - An Hysterical Romance |last=Rimbaud |first=Penny |author-link=Penny Rimbaud |year=1982 |publisher=Crass |url=http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/britain/sp001297.txt}}</ref> Crass had its roots in [[Dial House, Essex|Dial House]], which was established in 1967 as a commune.<ref>''Shibboleth: My Revolting Life'', Rimbaud, Penny, AK Press, 1999. {{ISBN|978-1873176405}}.</ref> Some [[punk subculture|punks]] were often critical of Crass for their involvement in the hippie movement. Like Crass, [[Jello Biafra]] was influenced by the hippie movement, and cited the yippies as a key influence on his political activism and thinking, though he also wrote songs critical of hippies.<ref>{{citation | url=http://www.progressive.org/mag_intvbiafra | title=Jello Biafra Interview | publisher=The Progressive| access-date=February 1, 2002 | last=Vander Molen | first=Jodi}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url=http://blog.al.com/mcolurso/2007/06/jello_biafra_can_ruffle_feathe.html | title=Jello Biafra can ruffle feathers | work=The Birmingham News | access-date=June 29, 2007 | last=Colurso | first=Mary| date=2007-06-29 }}</ref>