Editing Hiberno-English (section)

===Derived words from Old and Middle English===
Another class of vocabulary found in Hiberno-English are words and phrases common in [[Old English|Old]] and [[Middle English]], but which have since become obscure or obsolete in the modern English language generally. Hiberno-English has also developed particular meanings for words that are still in common use in English generally.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ class="nowrap" | Example Hiberno-English words derived from Old and Middle English
! Word !! Part of speech !! Meaning !! Origin/notes
|-
| '''[[Amn't]]'''<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2010/0311/1224266044810.html |title=An Irishman's Diary |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=11 March 2010 |access-date=28 February 2011 |archive-date=13 November 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113200154/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2010/0311/1224266044810.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || Verb || "Am not" or used instead of "aren't"||
|-
| '''Childer'''<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0304/1224265559638.html |title=A 'win-win situation' as Travellers design their own homes |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=4 March 2010 |first=Alison |last=Healy |archive-date=9 February 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110209004507/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0304/1224265559638.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || Noun || Child || Survives from Old English, genitive plural of 'child'<ref>New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd ed. via Apple Mac Dictionary</ref>
|-
|'''Cop-on'''<ref>{{cite web |last=Collins |first=Oisin |url= http://www.joe.ie/motors/motors-news/irish-need-more-cop-on-when-it-comes-to-driving-hands-free-0021451-1 |title=Irish need more cop-on when it comes to driving hands-free |publisher=JOE.ie |date=25 February 2012 |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-date=13 June 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120613020549/http://joe.ie/motors/motors-news/irish-need-more-cop-on-when-it-comes-to-driving-hands-free-0021451-1 |url-status=live}}</ref> || Noun, Verb|| shrewdness, intelligence, being 'street-wise'<ref name="auto"/> || Middle English from French {{lang|fr|cap}} 'arrest'
|-
|'''Craic''' / '''Crack'''<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.independent.ie/regionals/herald/entertainment/around-town/well-have-fun-and-well-have-the-craic-but-when-we-hit-the-field-we-mean-business-27906131.html |title=We'll have fun and we'll have the craic but when we hit the field we mean business |website=Independent.ie |date=27 March 2009 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210723080310/https://www.independent.ie/regionals/herald/entertainment/around-town/well-have-fun-and-well-have-the-craic-but-when-we-hit-the-field-we-mean-business-27906131.html |url-status=live |first=Emma |last=O'Driscoll}}</ref> {{IPA|/kræk/}} || Noun || Fun, entertainment. Generally now{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} with the Gaelic spelling in the phrase – 'have the craic' from earlier usage in Northern Ireland, Scotland and northern England with spelling 'crack' in the sense 'gossip, chat' || Old English {{lang|ang|cracian}} via Ulster-Scots into modern Hiberno-English, then given Gaelic spelling<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/crack |title=Crack definition and meaning |website=Collins English Dictionary |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210507032341/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/crack |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| '''Devil'''<ref>Old English [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=devil deofol] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170123090152/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=devil |date=23 January 2017}}</ref> || Noun || Curse (e.g., "Devil take him")<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/1998/0110/98011000024.html |title=Haughey cloud returns to mar Bertie's horizon |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=10 January 1998 |archive-date=13 November 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113202929/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/1998/0110/98011000024.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Cf. Scots [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?query=tak&sset=1&fset=20&printset=20&searchtype=full&dregion=entry&dtext=both deil tak...] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130604011838/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?query=tak&sset=1&fset=20&printset=20&searchtype=full&dregion=entry&dtext=both |date=4 June 2013}}</ref> Negation (e.g., for none, "Devil a bit")<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/travel/2010/0925/1224279626846.html |title=A vine romance in Rioja country |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=25 September 2010 |access-date=28 February 2011 |archive-date=23 October 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101023065806/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/travel/2010/0925/1224279626846.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Cf. Scots [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=30498&startset=8722048&query=DEIL&fhit=deil&dregion=form&dtext=snd#fhit deil a bit] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130604010549/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=30498&startset=8722048&query=DEIL&fhit=deil&dregion=form&dtext=snd |date=4 June 2013}}. Also in ''A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English''
by Eric Partridge.</ref> || middle English
|-
|'''Eejit'''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.madeejits.com/notebook/what-is-an-eejit |title=What is an Eejit? &#124; Notebook |publisher=Mad Eejits |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131022234300/http://www.madeejits.com/notebook/what-is-an-eejit |archive-date=22 October 2013}}</ref> {{IPA|/ˈiːdʒɪt/}} || Noun|| Irish (and Scots) version of 'idiot', meaning foolish person<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/eejit|title=Eejit definition and meaning |website=Collins English Dictionary |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210502071613/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/eejit |url-status=live}}</ref> || English from Latin {{lang|la|idiōta}}; has found some modern currency in England through the broadcasts of [[Terry Wogan]]
|-
|'''Hames'''<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.irishtimes.com/blogs/ontherecord/2009/05/18/the-raw-sessions-how-to-make-a-hames-of-a-simple-idea/ |title=The Raw Sessions: How to make a hames of a simple idea &#124; On The Record |website=Irish Times |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=20 August 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210820161811/https://www.irishtimes.com/blogs/ontherecord/2009/05/18/the-raw-sessions-how-to-make-a-hames-of-a-simple-idea/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || Noun || a mess, used in the phrase 'make a hames of'<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/make-a-hames-of|title=Make a hames of definition and meaning |work=Collins English Dictionary |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051638/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/make-a-hames-of |url-status=live}}</ref> || Middle English from Dutch
|-
| '''Grinds'''<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0817/1224276973417.html |title=40% of higher maths students take grinds |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=17 August 2010 |access-date=28 February 2011 |archive-date=13 November 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113224541/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2010/0817/1224276973417.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || Noun || Private tuition<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/grind |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130616033920/http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/grind |url-status=dead|title=grind |work=Oxford Dictionaries Pro |access-date=3 May 2013 |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> || Old English {{lang|ang|grindan}}
|-
|'''Jaded'''<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/arid-30592899.html |title=Ronnie 'tired and jaded' after win |date=30 April 2013 |website=Irish Examiner |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210723043614/https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/arid-30592899.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || Adjective || physically tired, exhausted<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/jaded |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130616033919/http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/jaded |url-status=dead |title=jaded |work=Oxford Dictionaries Pro |access-date=1 May 2013 |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> Not in the sense of bored, unenthusiastic, 'tired of' something || Middle English {{lang|enm|jade}}
|-
|'''Kip'''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://comeheretome.com/2012/01/11/reports-from-broombridge/ |title=Reports from Broombridge…… |publisher=Come here to me! |date=11 January 2012 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-date=21 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131021104549/http://comeheretome.com/2012/01/11/reports-from-broombridge/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || Noun || Unpleasant, dirty or sordid place<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kip--4 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130616033939/http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kip--4?rskey=Y3Nyrz&result=4 |url-status=dead |title=kip |work=Oxford Dictionaries Pro |access-date=1 May 2013 |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> || 18th-century English for ''brothel''
|-
|'''Mitch''' || Verb || to play truant<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mitch |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616033930/http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mitch |url-status=dead |title=mitch |work=Oxford Dictionaries Pro |access-date=1 May 2013 |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> || Middle English
|-
| '''Sliced pan'''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.brennansbread.ie/products/brennans-family-pan/ |title=Brennans Family Pan – Brennans Sliced Pan &#124; Brennans Bread |publisher=Brennansbread.ie |access-date=28 February 2011 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721122328/http://www.brennansbread.ie/products/brennans-family-pan/ |url-status=live}}</ref> || Noun || (Sliced) loaf of bread || Possibly derived from the French {{lang|fr|pain}} 'bread' or the pan it was baked in.
|-
|'''Yoke'''<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-loveable-hateable-class-of-a-yoke-1.1068332 |title=A loveable-hateable class of a yoke |first=Lorna|last=Siggins |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210227002646/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-loveable-hateable-class-of-a-yoke-1.1068332 |url-status=live}}</ref> || Noun || Thing, object, gadget<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/yoke |title=Yoke definition and meaning |work=Collins English Dictionary |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=18 October 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211018094309/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/yoke |url-status=live}}</ref> || Old English {{lang|ang|geoc}}
|-
|'''Wagon/Waggon'''<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/wagons-den-you-got-that-right-29025619.html |title=Wagon's Den? You got that right |website=Independent |date=31 January 2013 |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210721024311/https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/wagons-den-you-got-that-right-29025619.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || Noun || an unpleasant or unlikable woman<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/wagon|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130616033945/http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/wagon |url-status=dead |title=wagon |work=Oxford Dictionaries Pro |access-date=1 May 2013 |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> || Middle English
|-
| '''Whisht'''<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2002/0116/1008956451730.html |title=Alone Again, naturally Unfringed Festival 2002 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=16 January 2002 |access-date=28 February 2011 |archive-date=13 November 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113222056/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2002/0116/1008956451730.html |url-status=live}}</ref> || Interjection || Be quiet<ref>The Irish [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801150319/http://www.hiberno-english.com/body.php?action=search&s=whist {{lang|ga|nocat=y|huist}}] meaning 'be quiet', is an unlikely source since the word is known throughout England and Scotland where it derives from early Middle English [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED52600 {{lang|enm|nocat=y|whist}}] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121006162727/http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED52600 |date=6 October 2012}} (cf. Middle English [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?size=First+100&type=headword&q1=hust&rgxp=constrained {{lang|enm|nocat=y|hust}}] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121006162745/http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?size=First+100&type=headword&q1=hust&rgxp=constrained |date=6 October 2012}} and Scots [http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=686&startset=79646075&query=Wisht&fhit=whist&dregion=entry&dtext=dost#fhit {{lang|sco|nocat=y|wheesht}}] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130604010014/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/getent4.php?plen=686&startset=79646075&query=Wisht&fhit=whist&dregion=entry&dtext=dost |date=4 June 2013}})</ref> (Also common in Northern England and Scotland) || Middle English
|}