Editing Hemolysis (section)

==={{anchor|Mechanical blood processing during surgery}}From mechanical blood processing during surgery===
In some surgical procedures (especially some heart operations) where substantial blood loss is expected, machinery is used for [[intraoperative blood salvage]]. A centrifuge process takes blood from the patient, washes the red blood cells with [[normal saline]], and returns them to the patient's blood circulation. Hemolysis may occur if the centrifuge rotates too quickly (generally greater than 500 rpm)—essentially this is hemolysis occurring outside of the body. Increased hemolysis occurs with massive amounts of sudden blood loss, because the process of returning a patient's cells must be done at a correspondingly higher speed to prevent [[hypotension]], [[pH]] imbalance, and a number of other hemodynamic and blood level factors.  Modeling of fluid flows to predict the likelihood of red cell membrane rupture in response to stress is an active area of research.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Faghih|first1=Mohammad M.|last2=Sharp|first2=M. Keith|date=2019-03-07|title=Modeling and prediction of flow-induced hemolysis: a review|journal=Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology|volume=18|issue=4|pages=845–881|doi=10.1007/s10237-019-01137-1|issn=1617-7940|pmid=30847662|s2cid=73496695}}</ref>