Editing Heinkel He 111 (section)

===He 111 H-1 to H-10===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L20414, Torpedoangriff mit Heinkel He 111.jpg|thumb|upright|left|He 111H on a [[torpedo]] training exercise, 10 October 1941]]
The H variant of the He 111 series was more widely produced and saw more action during [[World War II]] than any other Heinkel variant.
Owing to the uncertainty surrounding the delivery and availability of the DB 601 engines, Heinkel switched to {{cvt|820|kW}} [[Junkers Jumo 211]] powerplants, whose somewhat greater size and weight were regarded as unimportant considerations in a twin-engine design. When the Jumo was fitted to the P model it became the He 111 H. The He 111&nbsp;H-1 was fitted with a standard set of three [[7.92×57mm Mauser|{{cvt|7.92|mm|3}}]] [[MG 15]] machine guns and eight SC 250 {{cvt|250|kg}} or 32 SC 50 {{cvt|50|kg}} bombs. The same armament was used in the H-2 which started production in August 1939.<ref name="Janowicz 2004, p. 42.">{{harvnb|Janowicz|2004|p=42}}</ref>
The P-series was gradually replaced on the eve of war with the new H-2, powered by improved Jumo 211 A-3 engines of {{cvt|820|kW}}.<ref name="Janowicz 2004, p. 42."/> A count on 2 September 1939 revealed that the Luftwaffe had a total of 787 He 111s in service, with 705 combat ready, including 400 H-1 and H-2s that had been produced in a mere four months.{{sfn|Dressel|Griehl|1994|p=36}} Production of the H-3, powered by the {{cvt|895|kW}} Jumo 211 D-1, began in October 1939. Experiences during the Polish Campaign led to an increase in defensive armament. MG 15s were fitted whenever possible and the number of machine guns was sometimes increased to seven. The two waist positions received an additional MG 15, and on some variants a belt-fed MG 17 was even installed in the tail.<ref name="Janowicz 2004, p. 42."/> A {{cvt|20|mm}} [[MG FF]] [[autocannon]] would sometimes be installed in the nose or forward gondola.{{sfn|Punka|2002|p=24}}

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-408-0847-10, Flugzeuge Heinkel He 111.jpg|thumb|A formation of He 111Hs, circa 1940]]
After the Battle of Britain, smaller scale production of the H-4s began. The H-4 was virtually identical to the He 111&nbsp;P-4 with the DB 600s swapped for the Jumo 211D-1s. Some also used the Jumo 211H-1.<ref name="Janowicz 2004, p. 48.">{{harvnb|Janowicz|2004|p=48}}</ref><ref name="Nowarra 1980 139">{{harvnb|Nowarra|1980|p=139}}</ref> This variant also differed from the H-3 in that it could either carry {{cvt|2000|kg}} of bombs internally or mount one or two external racks to carry one {{cvt|1800|kg}} or two {{cvt|1000|kg}} bombs. As these external racks blocked the internal bomb bay doors, a combination of internal and external storage was not possible. A PVR 1006L bomb rack was fitted externally and an {{cvt|835|L}} tank added to the interior spaces left vacant by the removal of the internal bomb-bay. The PVR 1006L was capable of carrying a [[SC1000 bomb|SC 1000]] {{cvt|1000|kg}} bomb. Some H-4s had their PVC racks modified to drop torpedoes.<ref name="Janowicz 2004, p. 48."/> Later modifications enabled the PVC 1006 to carry a {{cvt|2500|kg}} "Max" bomb. However {{cvt|1000|kg}} "Hermann" or {{cvt|1800|kg}} "Satans" were used more widely.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackay|2003|p=94}}</ref>

The H-5 series followed in February 1941, with heavier defensive armament.{{sfn|Griehl|2006|pp=36–37}} Like the H-4, it retained a PVC 1006 L bomb rack to enable it to carry heavy bombs under the fuselage. The first ten He 111&nbsp;H-5s were pathfinders, and selected for special missions. The aircraft sometimes carried {{cvt|25|kg}} flashlight bombs which acted as [[flares]]. The H-5 could also carry [[Incendiary device|heavy fire bombs]], either heavy containers or smaller incendiary devices attached to [[parachute]]s. The H-5 also carried LM A and LM B [[Naval mines|aerial mines]] for anti-shipping operations. After the 80th production aircraft, the PVC 1006 L bomb rack was removed and replaced with a heavy-duty ETC 2000 rack, enabling the H-5 to carry the SC 2500 "Max" bomb, on the external ETC 2000 rack, which enabled it to support the {{convert|2500|kg|abbr=on}} bomb.{{sfn|Griehl|2008|p=7}}

Some H-3 and H-4s were equipped with [[barrage balloon]] cable-cutting equipment in the shape of cutter installations forward of the engines and cockpit. They were designated H-8, but later named H8/R2. These aircraft were difficult to fly and production stopped. The H-6 initiated some overall improvements in design. The Jumo 211 F-1 engine of {{cvt|1007|kW}} increased its speed while the defensive armament was upgraded at the factory with one {{cvt|20|mm}} [[MG FF cannon]] in the nose and/or gondola positions (optional), two MG 15 in the ventral gondola, and one each of the fuselage side windows. Some H-6 variants carried tail-mounted MG 17 defensive armament.{{sfn|Dressel|Griehl|1994|p=37}} The performance of the H-6 was much improved. The climb rate was higher and the bomber could reach a slightly higher ceiling of {{cvt|8500|m}}. When heavy bomb loads were added, this ceiling was reduced to {{cvt|6500|m}}. The weight of the H-6 increased to {{cvt|14000|kg}}. Some H-6s received Jumo 211F-2s which improved a low-level speed of {{cvt|365|km/h}}. At an altitude of {{cvt|6000|m}} the maximum speed was {{cvt|435|km/h}}. If heavy external loads were added, the speed was reduced by {{cvt|35|km/h}}.{{sfn|Griehl|2008|p=8}}

Other designs of the mid-H series included the He 111 H-7 and H-8. The airframes were to be rebuilds of the H-3/H-5 variant. Both were designed as night bombers and were to have two Jumo 211F-1s installed. The intention was for the H-8 to be fitted with cable-cutting equipment and barrage ballon deflectors on the leading edge of the wings. The H-7 was never built.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 81.">{{harvnb|Regnat|2004|p=81}}</ref>

The H-9 was intended as a trainer with dual control columns. The airframe was a H-1 variant rebuild. The powerplants consisted of two JumoA-1s or D-1s.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 81."/> The H-10 was also designated to [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]] duties. Rebuilt from an H-2 or H-3 airframe, it was installed with full defensive armament including {{cvt|13|mm|2}} MG 131 and {{cvt|7.92|mm|3}} MG 81Z machine guns. It was to be powered by two Jumo 211A-1s, D-1s or F-2s.<ref name="Regnat 2004, p. 81."/>