Editing Hausa language (section)

=== Ghanaian Hausa dialect ===
The [[Ghanaian]] Hausa dialect (''Gaananci''), spoken in [[Ghana]] and [[Togo]], is a distinct western native Hausa dialect-bloc with adequate linguistic and media resources available. Separate smaller Hausa dialects are spoken by an unknown number of Hausa further west in parts of [[Burkina Faso]], and in the [[Haoussa Foulane]], Badji Haoussa, Guezou Haoussa, and [[Ansongo]] districts of northeastern [[Mali]] (where it is designated as a minority language by the Malian government), but there are very little linguistic resources and research done on these particular dialects at this time.

Gaananci forms a separate group from other Western Hausa dialects, as it now falls outside the contiguous Hausa-dominant area, and is usually identified by the use of ''c'' for ''ky'', and ''j'' for ''gy''. This is attributed to the fact that Ghana's Hausa population descend from [[Hausa-Fulani]] traders settled in the [[Zongo settlements|zongo]] districts of major trade-towns up and down the previous [[Ashanti Empire|Asante]], [[Gonja people|Gonja]] and [[Dagomba people|Dagomba]] kingdoms stretching from the [[sahel]] to coastal regions, in particular the cities of [[Accra]] ([[Sabon Zango]], [[Nima, Accra|Nima]]), [[Takoradi]] and [[Cape Coast]]

Gaananci exhibits noted inflected influences from [[Zarma language|Zarma]], [[Gur languages|Gur]], [[Dyula language|Jula]]-[[Bambara language|Bambara]], [[Akan language|Akan]], and [[Soninke language|Soninke]], as Ghana is the westernmost area in which the Hausa language is a major lingua-franca among sahelian/Muslim West Africans, including both Ghanaian and non-Ghanaian [[Zongo settlements|zango]] migrants primarily from the northern regions, or [[Mali]] and [[Burkina Faso]]. Ghana also marks the westernmost boundary in which the [[Hausa people]] inhabit in any considerable number. Immediately west and north of Ghana (in [[Côte d'Ivoire]], and Burkina Faso), Hausa is abruptly replaced with [[Dioula language|Dioula]]–[[Bambara language|Bambara]] as the main sahelian/Muslim lingua-franca of what become predominantly [[Manding languages|Manding]] areas, and native Hausa-speakers plummet to a very small urban minority.

Because of this, and the presence of surrounding [[Central Tano languages|Akan]], [[Gbe languages|Gbe]], [[Gur languages|Gur]] and [[Mande languages]], Gaananci was historically isolated from the other Hausa dialects.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol5num2/bodomo.pdf |title=On Language and Development in Africa: The Case of Ghana |first1=Adams B. |last1=Bodomo |journal=Nordic Journal of African Studies |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=31–51 |date=1996 |via=University of Helsinki  |access-date=2021-07-17 |archive-date=2021-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207193520/http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol5num2/bodomo.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Despite this difference, grammatical similarities between ''Sakkwatanci'' and Ghanaian Hausa determine that the dialect, and the origin of the Ghanaian Hausa people themselves, are derived from the northwestern Hausa area surrounding Sokoto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ethnorema.it/pdf/numero%204/03%20Articolo%201%20Guerini.pdf |title=Multilingualism and language attitudes in Ghana: a preliminary survey |first1=Federica |last1=Guerini |website=Ethnorêma |access-date=2021-07-17 |archive-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128092330/http://www.ethnorema.it/pdf/numero%204/03%20Articolo%201%20Guerini.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Hausa is also widely spoken by non-native [[Gur languages|Gur]], and [[Mandé peoples|Mandé]] Ghanaian Muslims, but differs from Gaananci, and rather has features consistent with non-native Hausa dialects.