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===Iran=== In [[Iran]], ''halva'' ({{langx|fa|ุญููุง}}) usually refers to a related confection made from wheat flour and butter and flavored with [[saffron]] and [[rose water]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fair |first1=Chris |title=Cuisines of the Axis of Evil and Other Irritating States |date=August 3, 2008 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-59921-634-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IT3tNj0ZztcC&q=iranian+halva&pg=PA55 |access-date=November 1, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.persiancity.com/recipes/recipe.asp?ID=27 |title=Recipe |access-date=December 5, 2008 |archive-date=February 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219014136/http://www.persiancity.com/recipes/recipe.asp?ID=27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The final product has a yellow, brown, or dark brown color. The halva is spread thin on a plate and left until it dries into a paste. Halva usually is served at wedding celebrations, religious ceremonies and funerals. [[File:Wedding.Celebration.Halva.webp|thumb|Platters of halva are served with a cake, a jelly pudding, and cooked chickens in Iranian wedding celebrations]] ''Halva ardeh'' is the Iranian term for tahini-based halva, and may or may not include whole pistachios. ''Ardeh'' is processed sesame in the form of paste, usually sweetened with [[syrup]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Traditional Crafts in Qajar Iran (1800-1925) | first = Willem M. | last = Floor | publisher = Mazda Publishers | date = 2003 | isbn = 9781568591476 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=N6HWAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first1 = Chris | last1 = Ying | first2 = Renรฉ | last2 = Redzepi | title = You and I Eat the Same: On the Countless Ways Food and Cooking Connect Us to One Another (MAD Dispatches) | volume = 1 | publisher = Artisan Books | date = 2018 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=i0M8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT110 | isbn = 9781579658564 }}</ref>
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