Editing Gurmukhi (section)

==Palaeography==

=== Vowels ===
In the earliest Gurmukhi texts, [[interpunct]]s in the form of a dot were used to mark a long "a" vowel.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Rahuldeep Singh |title=Drinking from Love's Cup: Surrender and Sacrifice in the Vārs of Bhai Gurdas Bhalla |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-19-062408-8 |page=14}}</ref> This would later develop into a ''kannā'' mark, where the initially used interpunct vowel marker becoming a longer mark that starts at the top of the line where the words are connected and moving down to cover the top half of the letter space.<ref name=":4" /> Shorter kanna marks are indicative of a work dating to an earlier period.<ref name=":4" />

=== Spacing ===
[[File:Photograph of folios (likely from a Sikh scripture) written Larivar (scriptio continua) Gurmukhi script.jpg|thumb|Photograph of folios written in ''laṛīvāră'' ([[scriptio continua]]) Gurmukhī script]]
{{See also|Scriptio continua}}
Before the 1970s, [[Gurbani]] and other [[Sikh scriptures]] were written in the traditional ''scriptio continua'' method of writing the Gurmukhi script known as ਲੜੀਵਾਰ ''laṛīvāră'', where there were no spacing between words in the texts. This is opposed to the comparatively more recent method of writing in Gurmukhi known as ''padă chēdă'', which breaks the words by inserting spacing between them.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Jasjit |date=2014 |title=The Guru's Way: Exploring Diversity Among British Khalsa Sikhs |url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/118645/1/JSDiversityFULLv5.pdf |journal=Religion Compass |volume=8 |publisher=School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science, University of Leeds |issue=7 |pages=209–219 |doi=10.1111/rec3.12111 |quote=...until the early 1970s all copies of the Guru Granth Sahib were presented in larivaar format, in which all the words were connected without breaks, after which point the SGPC released a single-volume edition in which the words were separated from one another in 'pad chhed' format (Mann 2001: 126). Whereas previously readers would have to recognize the words and make the appropriate breaks while reading, pad chhed allowed "reading for those who were not trained to read the continuous text." (Mann 2001: 126). The AKJ promotes a return to the larivaar format of the Guru Granth Sahib. |via=White Rose}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-11-03 |title=IMPORTANCE OF LAREEVAAR |url=https://www.nihungsanthia.com/post/importance-of-lareevaar |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Nihung Santhia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Larivaar Gurbani {{!}} Discover Sikhism |url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/larivaar/gurbani.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www.discoversikhism.com}}</ref>

First line of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], the ''[[Mul Mantar]],'' in ''laṛīvāră'' (continuous form) and ''padă chēdă'' (spaced form):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji -: Ang: 1 -: ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ :- SearchGurbani.com |url=http://www.searchgurbani.com/guru-granth-sahib/ang-by-ang |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www.searchgurbani.com |language=en}}</ref>

''laṛīvāră:'' ੴਸਤਿਨਾਮੁਕਰਤਾਪੁਰਖੁਨਿਰਭਉਨਿਰਵੈਰੁਅਕਾਲਮੂਰਤਿਅਜੂਨੀਸੈਭੰਗੁਰਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ॥

''padă chēdă:'' ੴ ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਕਰਤਾ ਪੁਰਖੁ ਨਿਰਭਉ ਨਿਰਵੈਰੁ ਅਕਾਲ ਮੂਰਤਿ ਅਜੂਨੀ ਸੈਭੰ ਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ॥

Transliteration: ''ikku ōaṅkāru sati nāmu karatā purakhu nirapàu niravairu akāla mūrati ajūnī saipàṅ gura prasādi''

=== Styles ===
{{Multiple image
| image1            = Proto-Gurmukhi writing from the late 15th century.jpg
| image2            = A transcription of a Goindwal pothi.png
| caption2          = A transcription of a Goindwal ''pothī'', or produced text excerpt of Sikh scripture or auxiliary writings, carried out by Sahansar Ram, Guru Amar Das' grandson, c. late 16th century. It showcases an early form of the Gurmukhi script with affinities to other [[Laṇḍā scripts]].
| caption1          = Proto-Gurmukhi writing dated to {{Circa|1470}}–1490 from the tomb of Rae Feroze in Hathur, Ludhiana, Punjab.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Gurbaksh |title=Gurmukhi Lipi Da Janam Te Vikas |date=1949–1950 |publisher=Punjab University Chandigarh |page=167 |language=Punjabi}}</ref>
}}
Various historical styles and fonts, or ਸ਼ੈਲੀ ''śailī'', of Gurmukhi script have evolved and been identified. A list of some of them is as follows:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Styles of Gurumukhi script |url=http://library.ciil.org/Sites/Photography/styles%20of%20Gurumukhi%20script.html#divDescription |website=Central Institute of Indian Languages}}</ref>

# ''purātana'' ("old") style
# ''ardha śikastā'' ("half-broken") style
# ''śikastā'' ("broken") style (including ''[[Anandpur Lipi]]'')
#  ''Kaśmīrī'' style
#  ''Damdamī'' style