Editing Golden Horde (section)

=== Tokhtamysh (1381–1395) ===
{{See also|Tokhtamysh–Timur war}}
[[File:Timur.jpeg|thumb|[[Timur|Amir Timur]] and his forces advance against the Golden Horde, [[Khan (title)|Khan]] [[Tokhtamysh]].]]
[[File:Facial Chronicle - b.10, p.049 - Tokhtamysh at Moscow.jpg|thumb|[[Tokhtamysh]] besieges [[Moscow]].]]
[[Tokhtamysh]] attacked Mamai, who had recently suffered a loss against Moscow, and [[Battle of the Kalka River (1381)|defeated him]] in 1381, thus briefly reestablishing the Golden Horde as a dominant regional power. Mamai fled to the Genoese who killed him soon after. Tokhtamysh sent an envoy to the Russian states to resume their tributary status, but the envoy only made it as far as [[Nizhny Novgorod]] before he was stopped. Tokhtamysh immediately seized all the boats on the Volga to ferry his army across and commenced the [[Siege of Moscow (1382)]], which fell after three days under a false truce. The next year, most of the Russian princes once again made obeisance to the khan and received patents from him.{{sfn|Vernadsky|1953|p=267}} Tokhtamysh also crushed the Lithuanian army at [[Poltava]] in the next year.{{sfn|Grousset|1970|p=407}} [[Władysław II Jagiełło]], Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, accepted his supremacy and agreed to pay tribute in return for a grant of Russian territory.<ref name="Johann Voigt p. 47">ed. Johann Voigt, ''Codex diplomaticus Prussicus, 6 vols, VI'', p. 47</ref>

Elated by his success, Tokhtamysh invaded [[Azerbaijan]] in 1386 and seized [[Tabriz]]. He ordered money with his name on it coined in [[Khwarezm]] and sent envoys to [[Egypt]] to seek an alliance. In 1387, Timur sent an army into Azerbaijan and fought indecisively with the forces of the Golden Horde. Tokhtamysh invaded [[Transoxania]] and reached as far as [[Bukhara]], but failed to take the city, and had to turn back. Timur retaliated by invading Khwarezm and destroyed [[Urgench]]. Tokhtamysh attacked Timur on the [[Syr Darya]] in 1389 with a massive army including [[Russians]], [[Bulgars]], [[Circassians]], and [[Alans]]. The battle ended indecisively. In 1391, Timur gathered an army 200,000 strong and defeated Tokhtamysh at the [[Battle of the Kondurcha River]]. Timur's allies [[Temür Qutlugh]] and [[Edigu]] took the eastern half of the Golden Horde. Tokhtamysh returned in 1394, ravaging the region of [[Shirvan]]. In 1395, Timur annihilated Tokhtamysh's army again at the [[Battle of the Terek River]], destroyed his capital, looted the Crimean trade centers, and deported the most skillful craftsmen to his own capital in [[Samarkand]]. Timur's forces reached as far north as [[Ryazan]] before turning back.{{sfn|Vernadsky|1953|p=277}}