Editing Glorious Revolution (section)

===Ireland===
{{Main|Williamite War in Ireland}}
[[File:Andrew Carrick Gow (1848-1920) - A Lost Cause, Flight of King James II after the Battle of the Boyne - N01530 - National Gallery.jpg|thumb|left|''[[A Lost Cause]]'' by [[Andrew Carrick Gow]], 1888. James&nbsp;II departing for France from [[Kinsale]] following the [[Battle of the Boyne]] in 1690.]]
After his flight from England in December 1688, James II had been given refuge by Louis XIV, who provided him financial and diplomatic assistance. Accompanied by 6,000 French troops, on 12 March 1689 he landed in Ireland, where he was backed by the majority Catholic population.{{Sfnmp|Harris|2006|1p=440|Magennis|1998|2pp=6–111}} His supporters were known as "[[Jacobitism|Jacobites]]", and the [[Williamite War in Ireland|war in Ireland]] was accompanied by a [[Jacobite rising of 1689|rising in Scotland]]; for James, the main objective was to retake England and thus he viewed both Scotland and Ireland as strategic dead ends.{{Sfn|McKay|Scott|1984|p=138–140}} On the other hand, Louis saw them as an opportunity to divert British resources from the Low Countries, a difference in aims that was never adequately resolved.{{Sfnp|Lynn|1999|p=203}}

James' Catholic deputy, the [[Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell|Earl of Tyrconnell]], had raised an [[Irish Army (1542-1801)|Army]] of around 36,000, although many were poorly equipped and it was almost impossible to feed, pay and supply so many.{{Sfnp|Harris|2006|p=405}} Although they quickly occupied much of Ireland, including largely Protestant [[Ulster]], they were unable to capture the key northern port of [[Siege of Derry|Derry]] and were forced to retreat at the end of July. In August, Williamite general [[Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg|Schomberg]] landed in [[Belfast Lough]] with 15,000 reinforcements, but logistics failures meant his army stalled at [[Dundalk]] and suffered heavily from sickness and desertion.{{Sfnp|Kinross|1998|pp=27–28}}

The Scottish Jacobites suffered heavy losses in securing victory at [[Battle of Killiecrankie|Killiecrankie]] in July 1689, including their leader [[John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee|Viscount Dundee]]. By May 1690 the rising had been largely suppressed, although pockets of resistance continued in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] until early 1692. At the same time, William III assumed command of government troops in Ireland and gained an important success at [[The Battle of the Boyne]] in July 1690, before victory at [[Battle of Beachy Head (1690)|Beachy Head]] gave the French temporary control of the [[English Channel]]. James returned to France to urge an immediate invasion of England, but the Anglo-Dutch fleet soon regained maritime supremacy, and the opportunity was lost.{{Sfnp|Lynn|1999|p=215}}

By the end of 1690, French and Jacobite troops were confined to the south and west of Ireland. Although repulsed with heavy losses at [[Siege of Limerick (1690)|Limerick]] in September, William transferred command to [[Godert de Ginkel, 1st Earl of Athlone|Godert de Ginkel]] and returned to Flanders. Despite receiving reinforcements and a new general in the [[Marquis de St Ruth]], the Franco-Irish army was defeated at [[battle of Aughrim|Aughrim]] on 12 July 1691; the war in Ireland ended with the [[Treaty of Limerick]] in October, allowing the bulk of the Williamite forces to be shipped to the Low Countries.{{Sfnp|Kinross|1998|p=98}}