Editing Glamorgan (section)

====Buildings of note 1750–1920====
The industrial period of Glamorgan saw a massive building program throughout the uplands and in the coastal regions, reflecting the increasing population and the need for new cheap housing to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of workers coming into the area. As the towns urbanised and the hamlets became villages, the trappings of modern life were reflected in the buildings required to sustain new and growing communities. The period saw the appearance, not only of the works and pits themselves, but of the [[terrace house]] or miners cottage, railway stations, hospitals, churches, chapels, bridges, viaducts, stadiums, schools, universities, museums and workingmen's halls.

As well as the architecture of Glamorgan entering [[modern architecture|modernity]], there was also a reflection to the past, with some individuals who made the most from the booming industrial economy restoring symbols of the past, building [[folly|follies]] and commissioning [[Gothic architecture|Gothic-style]] additions to ancient churches. [[Robert Lugar]]'s [[Cyfarthfa Castle]] in Merthyr (1825) and the late 19th century additions to [[Cardiff Castle]], designed by [[William Burges]], exemplify how Gothic was the favoured style for rich industrialists and entrepreneurs.<ref name="Davies, p.33">Davies (2008), p.33</ref> [[Greek Revival architecture]], popularised in France and Germany in the late 18th century, was used for a number of public and educational buildings in Wales including the [[Swansea Museum|Royal Institution of South Wales]] in Swansea (1841) and [[Bridgend]] Town Hall (1843).<ref name="Davies, p.33"/>

In 1897, Cardiff Corporation acquired land from the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|Marquess of Bute]] with the intention of erecting buildings to meet the administrative, legal and educational needs of Glamorgan's county town. From 1901 onwards, [[Cathays Park]] was developed into "possibly the finest... [[civic centre]] in Britain" with a range of public buildings including the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] [[Cardiff City Hall|City Hall]] and the [[rococo]]-style [[Cardiff University|University College]].<ref>Davies (2008), p.126</ref>

The majority of [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|Nonconformist]] chapels were built in the 19th century. They progressed from simple, single-storey designs to larger and more elaborate structures, most built in the [[classical architecture|classical]] style.<ref name="Davies, p.34">Davies (2008), p.34</ref> Perhaps the most ambitious chapel was John Humphrey's [[Morriston Tabernacle]] (1872), incorporating Classical, [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] and Gothic elements,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://treboethhistorygroup.110mb.com/districtsandplaces/morristonpages/17tabernaclechapel.html|last=Williams|first=Ivor|title=Morriston|publisher=Treboeth History Group|access-date=12 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220060718/http://treboethhistorygroup.110mb.com/districtsandplaces/morristonpages/17tabernaclechapel.html|archive-date=20 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> which has been called the 'Noncomformist Cathedral of Wales'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.llgc.org.uk/ardd/pensaeri/arch010.htm|title=The Architecture of Wales – Religious Architecture|publisher=The National Library of Wales|access-date=10 January 2010|location=Aberystwyth|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310065040/http://www.llgc.org.uk/ardd/pensaeri/arch010.htm|archive-date=10 March 2010}}</ref>

Industrial architecture tended to be functional, although some structures, such as the four-storey engine house at [[Cyfarthfa Ironworks]] (1836), were built to impress. Coal mining eventually became the dominant industry in Glamorgan and tall [[Headframe|winding towers]] – originally made of timber or cast iron, later steel – became symbolic icons.<ref name="Davies, p.34"/>