Editing Geography of Norway (section)

==Climate==
{{Main|Climate of Norway}}
<!-- This section is linked from [[Svalbard]] -->{{More refs|section|date=December 2023}}[[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_v2_NOR_1991–2020.svg|thumb|upright=0.9|Köppen climate zones of Norway 1991-2020 ({{convert|0|C}} isotherm for coldest month)]]The climate of Norway is relatively temperate. This is mainly due to the [[North Atlantic drift|North Atlantic Current]] with its extension, the [[Norwegian Current]], raising the air temperature;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forskningsradet.no/servlet/Satellite?c=Nyhet&pagename=norklima/Hovedsidemal&cid=1253970052900&p= |title=News - NORKLIMA |website=www.forskningsradet.no |access-date=16 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006040648/http://www.forskningsradet.no/servlet/Satellite?c=Nyhet&pagename=norklima%2FHovedsidemal&cid=1253970052900&p= |archive-date=6 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the prevailing southwesterlies bringing mild air onshore; and the general southwest–northeast orientation of the coast, which allows the westerlies to penetrate into the [[Arctic]]. 

=== Precipitation ===
Norway is among Europe's wettest countries, but with large variation in precipitation amount due to the terrain with mountain chains resulting in orographic precipitation but also creating rain shadows. In some regions, locations with vastly different precipitation amounts can be fairly close. Precipitation is heaviest in late autumn and winter along the coast, while April to June is the driest. The innermost parts of the long fjords are somewhat drier. The regions east of the mountain chain (including [[Oslo]]) have a more continental climate with generally less precipitation, and precipitation peaks in summer and early autumn, while winter and spring tend to be driest. A large area in the interior of Finnmark receive less than {{convert|450|mm|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation annually. Some valleys surrounded by mountains get very scarce precipitation, and often need irrigation in summer.

===Temperature===
[[File:Haglebunatten.JPG|thumb|The inland valleys have reliable snow cover in winter; as here in [[Sigdal Municipality]]. Due to [[Inversion (meteorology)|inversion]], the valley floor is often colder than the hillsides above during winter.]]The coast experiences milder winters than other areas at the same latitudes. The average temperature difference between the coldest month and the warmest is only {{convert|10|-|15|C-change}} in coastal areas. The differences of inland areas are larger, with a maximum difference of {{convert|28|C-change}} in [[Karasjok (village)|Karasjok]].

[[Bø Municipality (Nordland)|Bø Municipality]] is the most northerly location in the world where all winter months have mean temperatures above {{convert|0|C}}. Temperature differences between the north and south are greatest in the spring; this is also the time of year when daytime and nighttime temperatures differ the most. Inland valleys and the innermost fjord areas have less wind and see the warmest summer days. Inland areas reach their peak warmth around mid-July and coastal areas by the first half of August. Humidity is usually low in summer.

The North Atlantic Current splits in two over the northern part of the Norwegian Sea, one branch going east into the Barents Sea and the other going north along the west coast of [[Spitsbergen]]. This modifies the Arctic [[polar climate]] somewhat and results in open water throughout the year at higher [[latitude]]s than any other place in the Arctic. On the eastern coast of the [[Svalbard]] [[archipelago]], the sea used to be frozen during most of the year, but warming has led to open waters lasting noticeably longer. Atlantic lows bringing mild winds in winter further warmed by [[foehn]] can give warm temperatures in narrow fjords in winter, Compared to coastal areas, inland valleys and the innermost fjord areas have larger [[diurnal temperature variation]]s, especially in spring and summer.[[File:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Europe-Norway--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|thumb|right|Temperature in Norway 1901-2020]]
All populated areas of the Norwegian mainland have temperate or subarctic climates ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] groups ''C'' and ''D''). Svalbard and Jan Mayen have a polar climate (Köppen group ''E''). As a consequence of warming since 1990, summers are warmer and longer and winters are getting shorter and milder. With the new official 1991-2020 climate normal, many areas have seen their [[climate change]] to a new climate zone compared to 1961-90 normal. Snow cover has also decreased in most populated areas due to winter warming. The strongest warming has been observed on Svalbard. In addition to warming, precipitation has increased in most areas, especially in winter, increasing [[erosion]] and the risk of [[landslide]]s.{{Weather box
| location = Oslo - Blindern 1991-2020 (Köppen: Cfb/Dfb) (94 m, extremes since 1900)
| collapsed = y
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 12.5
| Feb record high C = 13.8
| Mar record high C = 21.5
| Apr record high C = 25.4
| May record high C = 31.1
| Jun record high C = 33.7
| Jul record high C = 35.0
| Aug record high C = 33.6
| Sep record high C = 26.4
| Oct record high C = 21.0
| Nov record high C = 14.4
| Dec record high C = 12.6
| year record high C = 35.0
| Jan high C = 0.1
| Feb high C = 1.1
| Mar high C = 5.3
| Apr high C = 11.0
| May high C = 16.7
| Jun high C = 20.4
| Jul high C = 22.7
| Aug high C = 21.3
| Sep high C = 16.4
| Oct high C = 9.6
| Nov high C = 4.4
| Dec high C = 0.8
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = -2.3
| Feb mean C = -2
| Mar mean C = 1.4
| Apr mean C = 6.2
| May mean C = 11.4
| Jun mean C = 15.3
| Jul mean C = 17.7
| Aug mean C = 16.5
| Sep mean C = 12.1
| Oct mean C = 6.5
| Nov mean C = 2.2
| Dec mean C = -1.4
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = -4.7
| Feb low C = -4.7
| Mar low C = -2.1
| Apr low C = 2.1
| May low C = 6.8
| Jun low C = 10.8
| Jul low C = 13.4
| Aug low C = 12.5
| Sep low C = 8.6
| Oct low C = 3.8
| Nov low C = -0.0
| Dec low C = -3.9
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -26.0
| Feb record low C = -24.9
| Mar record low C = -21.3
| Apr record low C = -14.9
| May record low C = -3.4
| Jun record low C = 0.7
| Jul record low C = 3.7
| Aug record low C = 3.7
| Sep record low C = -3.3
| Oct record low C = -8.0
| Nov record low C = -16.0
| Dec record low C = -20.8
| year record low C = -26.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 57.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 45.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 41.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 48.4
| May precipitation mm = 60.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 79.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 86.7
| Aug precipitation mm = 102.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 82.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 93.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 84.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 53.6
| year precipitation mm = 
| Jan precipitation days = 9.8
| Feb precipitation days = 7.3
| Mar precipitation days = 8.5
| Apr precipitation days = 8.1
| May precipitation days = 8.5
| Jun precipitation days = 10.1
| Jul precipitation days = 10.9
| Aug precipitation days = 10.9
| Sep precipitation days = 9.4
| Oct precipitation days = 10.9
| Nov precipitation days = 10.7
| Dec precipitation days = 9.2
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 45.1
| Feb sun = 77.6
| Mar sun = 146.5
| Apr sun = 182.0
| May sun = 248.0
| Jun sun = 230.3
| Jul sun = 244.1
| Aug sun = 203.8
| Sep sun = 150.1
| Oct sun = 94
| Nov sun = 50.9
| Dec sun = 40.0
| year sun = 
| Jan uv = 0
| Feb uv = 1
| Mar uv = 1
| Apr uv = 3
| May uv = 4
| Jun uv = 5
| Jul uv = 5
| Aug uv = 4
| Sep uv = 3
| Oct uv = 1
| Nov uv = 0
| Dec uv = 0
| source = Seklima <ref>seklima.met.no</ref>
}}
{{Clear}}

=== Hazards and natural disasters ===
[[European windstorm|European windstorms]] with hurricane-strength winds along the coast and in the mountains are not uncommon.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} [[Avalanche|Avalanches]] on steep slopes, especially in the northern part of the country and in mountain areas. [[Landslide|Landslides]] have been fatal, mostly in areas with soil rich in [[marine clay]], as in lowland areas near Trondheimsfjord.{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} [[Tsunami|Tsunamis]] have killed people; usually caused by parts of mountains ([[rockslide]]) falling into fjords or lakes. This happened 1905 in [[Loen, Norway|Loen]] in [[Stryn Municipality]] when parts of [[Ramnefjell]] fell into [[Loenvatnet]] lake, causing a {{convert|40|m|adj=on}} tsunami which killed 61 people. It happened again in the same place in 1936, this time with 73 victims. 40 people were killed in [[Tafjord]] in [[Norddal Municipality]] in 1934.<ref>Furseth, A. (1994). ''Dommedagsfjellet: Tafjord 1934''. Oslo: Gyldendal. Cited in {{cite journal |last1=Rød |first1=Sverre Kjetil |last2=Botan |first2=Carl |last3=Holen |first3=Are |date=June 2012 |title=[[Risk communication]] and worried publics in an imminent rockslide and tsunami situation |journal=Journal of Risk Research |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=645–654 |doi=10.1080/13669877.2011.652650 |s2cid=145562162}}</ref>