Editing Gentrification (section)

===LGBT community===
[[Manuel Castells]] has researched the role of gay communities, especially in [[San Francisco]], as early gentrifiers.{{sfn|Castells|1983|pages=138–70}}  The film ''[[Quinceañera (film)|Quinceañera]]'' depicts a similar situation in Los Angeles. ''[[Flag Wars]]'' (Linda Goode Bryant)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2003/flagwars/ |title=Flag Wars &#124; POV |website=Pbs.org |date=17 June 2003 |access-date=2 April 2017 |archive-date=6 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506052155/http://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2003/flagwars/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> shows tensions as of 2003 between bourgeois White [[LGBT]]-newcomers and a Black middle-class neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/19/AR2006041902922_pf.html |title=In Shaw, Pews vs. Bar Stools |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=20 April 2006 |first= Jose Antonio |last=Vargas |access-date=17 February 2014}}</ref> In Washington, D.C.  Black and other ethnic minority [[Mixed-income housing|mixed-income community]] residents accused both the affluent majority-White [[LGBT community|LGBTQ+ community]] and the closely linked [[Hipster (contemporary subculture)|hipster subculture]] of cultural displacement (or destruction of cultural heritage) [[Hipster racism|under the guise of progressive inclusion and tolerance]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McChesney |first1=Chris |title=Cultural Displacement: Is the GLBT Community Gentrifying African American Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.? |journal=The Modern American |date=1 January 2005 |volume=1 |issue=1 |url=https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/tma/vol1/iss1/9/ }}</ref><ref>Ph.D, Christina B. Hanhardt. ''Safe Space: Gay Neighborhood History and the Politics of Violence''. Durham: Duke University Press Books, 2013.</ref> 

Evidence from Buenos Aires, shows that predominantly LGBTQ+ areas were only able to exist when the government allowed that area to be gentrified.{{sfn |Herzer |Di Virgilio |Rodríguez |2015 |pages=199–222}} As certain areas that are deemed progressive evolve and implement new housing and businesses, this expands the appeal of people looking to partake. Gentrification becomes a signal for institutions and businesses to measure potential bases. In cases of the LGBTQ+ community, successful businesses may be recognized as the ones planted in urban and progressive areas that are seen as safe. However, this comfort that invites marginalized communities puts previous communities living there at risk of displacement. As gay bars are a popular way in which the LGBTQ+ community may find security, the connection to gentrification for certain locations is critical for addressing the history of their establishment.<ref>Hilderbrand, Lucas. ''The Bars Are Ours: Histories and Cultures of Gay Bars in America,1960 and After''. Durham: Duke University Press Books, 2023.</ref>

Today, practically all historic [[gayborhoods]] have become less LGBTQ+ centric mainly due to the modern effects of gentrification.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kqed.org/news/11768015/gentrification-is-changing-iconic-gay-neighborhoods-in-l-a-and-s-f |title=Gentrification is Changing Iconic Gay Neighborhoods in L.A. and S.F. |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914091251/https://www.kqed.org/news/11768015/gentrification-is-changing-iconic-gay-neighborhoods-in-l-a-and-s-f |archive-date=14 September 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gay neighborhoods may reveal elements of classism and racism perpetuated by affluent white gay men who settle in spaces that drive out people of color—through rent being raised in the area.<ref>Hilderbrand, Lucas. ''The Bars Are Ours: Histories and Cultures of Gay Bars in America,1960 and After''. Durham: Duke University Press Books, 2023.</ref> Investing in inner-cities and urban areas, affluent queer people have built gay bars, bookstores, and other queer-centered establishments that then lead to the cities gaining attention and desirability—which then increases the rent of properties in the surrounding area.<ref>Doan, Petra L., and Harrison Higgins. “The Demise of Queer Space? Resurgent Gentrification and the Assimilation of LGBT Neighborhoods.” ''Journal of Planning Education and Research'' 31, no. 1 (March 2011): 6–25. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X10391266</nowiki>.</ref> The rising cost to live in gayborhoods and government use of [[eminent domain]] have displaced many LGBTQ+ people and closed many LGBTQ+ centric businesses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grimmer |first=Chelsea |date=20 February 2016 |title=Death of the Gayborhood: Queer Aging in the Time of Gentrification |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/death-of-the-gayborhood-queer-aging-in-the-time-of-gentrification/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |website=Vice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Herzog |first=Katie |date=3 June 2015 |title=Who killed the gayborhood? A Grist podcast investigation |url=https://grist.org/article/gayborhood-seattle-capitol-hill-dan-savage-gentrification/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |website=[[Grist]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Saffron |first=Inga |date=4 March 2016 |title=Saffron: A risky gamble to manage gentrification in N. Philly |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/columnists/inga_saffron/20160304_A_risky_gamble_to_manage_gentrification_in_North_Philadelphia.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408115121/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/columnists/inga_saffron/20160304_A_risky_gamble_to_manage_gentrification_in_North_Philadelphia.html |archive-date=8 April 2022 |access-date=18 May 2022 |website=The Philadelphia Inquirer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bowles |first1=Nellie |last2=Levin |first2=Sam |date=2 February 2016 |title=San Francisco's tech bros told: Quit changing the gayborhood |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/02/san-francisco-gay-bars-shut-down-lgbt-tenderloin-castro-district |access-date=18 May 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref>