Editing Gender-affirming surgery (section)

=== Intersex children and cases of trauma ===
{{main|Sex assignment#Assignment in cases of infants with intersex traits, or cases of trauma}}

Infants born with intersex conditions might undergo interventions at or close to birth.<ref name="Bradley_1998">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bradley SJ, Oliver GD, Chernick AB, Zucker KJ | title = Experiment of nurture: ablatio penis at 2 months, sex reassignment at 7 months, and a psychosexual follow-up in young adulthood | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 102 | issue = 1 | pages = e9 | date = July 1998 | pmid = 9651461 | doi = 10.1542/peds.102.1.e9 | s2cid = 7364636 | doi-access =  }}</ref> This is controversial because of the [[Intersex human rights|human rights]] implications.<ref name="un-fact">{{Cite conference |last1=United Nations |last2=Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights |date=2015 |title=Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex |url=https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071043/https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=14 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="coe">{{Citation |last1=Council of Europe |title=Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper |date=April 2015 |url=https://rm.coe.int/16806da5d4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121014309/https://rm.coe.int/16806da5d4 |access-date=23 May 2021 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |last2=Commissioner for Human Rights |author-link=Council of Europe |url-status=live}}</ref>

There can be negative outcomes (including [[PTSD]] and suicide) when the surgically assigned gender does not match the person's gender identity, which will be realized by the person only later in life.<ref>{{Cite book | vauthors = Boyle GJ |title=Transgenders and Intersexuals |publisher=Fast Lane (imprint of East Street Publications |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-9751145-4-4 | veditors = May L |location=Bowden, South Australia |pages=95–100 |chapter=The scandal of genital mutilation surgery on infants}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | vauthors = Colapinto J |title=As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl |title-link=As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7322-7433-7 |location=Sydney |author-link=John Colapinto}}</ref><ref name="si">{{Cite web | vauthors = Diamond M |date=6 November 2009 |title=Sexual Identity, Monozygotic Twins Reared in Discordant Sex Roles and a BBC Follow-Up |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/biblio/articles/1961to1999/1982-sexual-identity.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830075115/http://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/biblio/articles/1961to1999/1982-sexual-identity.html |archive-date=30 August 2019 |access-date=1 August 2011 | work = University of Hawaiʻi }}</ref>{{Cn|date=November 2022}} [[Milton Diamond]] at the [[John A. Burns School of Medicine]], [[University of Hawaii]] recommended that physicians not perform surgery on children until they are old enough to give informed consent and to assign such infants in the gender to which they will probably best adjust. Diamond believed introducing children to others with differences of sex development could help remove shame and stigma. Diamond considered the intersex condition as a difference of sex development, not as a [[Disorders of sex development|disorder]].<ref name="moi">{{cite journal | vauthors = Diamond M, Sigmundson HK | title = Management of intersexuality. Guidelines for dealing with persons with ambiguous genitalia | journal = Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine | volume = 151 | issue = 10 | pages = 1046–1050 | date = October 1997 | pmid = 9343018 | doi = 10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170470080015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Diamond M, Beh HG | title = Changes in the management of children with intersex conditions | journal = Nature Clinical Practice. Endocrinology & Metabolism | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 4–5 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 17984980 | doi = 10.1038/ncpendmet0694 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 13382948 | hdl = 10125/66380 }}</ref>