Editing Gastroenterology (section)

==== Barrett's esophagus ====
{{See also|Barrett's esophagus}}
A condition in which the lining of the esophagus changes to look more like the lining of the intestine and increases the risk of developing [[esophageal cancer]].<ref name="Shaheen-2016">{{Cite journal |last1=Shaheen |first1=Nicholas J. |last2=Falk |first2=Gary W. |last3=Iyer |first3=Prasad G. |last4=Gerson |first4=Lauren B. |last5=American College of Gastroenterology |date=January 2016 |title=ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus |journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=30–50; quiz 51 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2015.322 |issn=1572-0241 |pmid=26526079|s2cid=2274838 |doi-access=free |pmc=10245082 }}</ref> There are no specific symptoms although symptoms of GERD may be present for years prior as it is associated with a 10–15% risk of Barrett's esophagus.<ref name="Shaheen-2016" /> Risk factors include chronic GERD for more than 5 years, being age 50 or older, being non-Hispanic white, being male, having a family history of this disorder, [[Abdominal obesity|belly fat]], and a history of smoking.<ref name="Muthusamy-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Muthusamy |first1=V. Raman |last2=Wani |first2=Sachin |last3=Gyawali |first3=C. Prakash |last4=Komanduri |first4=Srinadh |last5=Bergman |first5=Jacques |last6=Canto |first6=Marcia I. |last7=Chak |first7=Amitabh |last8=Corley |first8=Douglas |last9=Falk |first9=Gary W. |last10=Fitzgerald |first10=Rebecca |last11=Haidry |first11=Rehan |last12=Haydek |first12=John M. |last13=Inadomi |first13=John |last14=Iyer |first14=Prasad G. |last15=Konda |first15=Vani |date=2022-12-01 |title=AGA Clinical Practice Update on New Technology and Innovation for Surveillance and Screening in Barrett's Esophagus: Expert Review |url=https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(22)00599-7/abstract |journal=Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology |language=English |volume=20 |issue=12 |pages=2696–2706.e1 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2022.06.003 |issn=1542-3565 |pmid=35788412 |doi-access=free|pmc=10203866 }}</ref>  Diagnosis can be made by looking into the esophagus with a [[Esophagogastroduodenoscopy|scope]] and possibly taking a [[biopsy]] of the lining of the esophagus. Treatment includes managing GERD, [[Radiofrequency ablation|destroying]] abnormal parts of the esophagus, [[Endoscopic mucosal resection|removing abnormal tissue]] in the esophagus, and [[Esophagectomy|removing part of the esophagus]] as performed by a general surgeon.<ref name="Shaheen-2016" /> Further management could include periodic surveillance with repeat scopes at certain intervals determined by the physician, likely not more frequently than every three to five years.<ref name="Muthusamy-2022" /> Complications from this disorder can result in a type of cancer called [[Esophageal cancer|esophageal adenocarcinoma]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition & Facts for Barrett's Esophagus {{!}} NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/barretts-esophagus/definition-facts |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |language=en-US}}</ref>